Develops measures of individual differences in attribute centrality, investigates convergent validity, and explores differences in central and noncentral attribute functions within same person. University students in three countries completed questionnaires. Four relative centrality measures correlated with information required to make decisions…

Tested predictions derived from Eysenck's theory of personality in two samples by relating extraversion scores to library study locations, frequency of study breaks, and self-report of factors which influence study location. Found predicted main effects for study location with extraverts occupying locations that provided greater external…

Investigated helping as a function of empathic anxiety (anxiety in response to modeled distress) and individual differences in sociopathic tendencies. Results indicated modeled distress produces increases in anxiety which are positively associated with helping and sociopathic individuals are less likely to help than are nonsociopathic individuals.…

Results suggest that some people ascribe traits more often and indicate "depends on the situation" less often than do others. Personality correlates of this tendency indicate that it is associated with poor psychological adjustment and an extreme response style. (Author)

Reviews studies in which the psychophysiological responses of Type A and B subjects were studied in various contexts. It appears that Type A's manifest greater psychophysiological arousal in solitary as well as interpersonal situations in which there is a moderate external incentive to accomplish something and an intermediate probability of…

Reviewed task-related differences in physiological arousal between Type A and Type B persons and found that differences are less consistent and of a smaller magnitude than what is usually assumed. Furthermore, the median difference in systolic blood pressure between Type A and Type B persons working on tasks was small. (Author/JAC)

Two studies examined the effects of dispositional self-consciousness on reactance. Men who were high in private self-consciousness displayed greater reactance responses to a coercive communication attempt. Women high in private self-consciousness exhibited greater reactance responses to a self-imposed threat to their freedom of choice. (Author)

Suggests we attend to aspects of our interpersonal environment that correspond to features of our personality. Subjects who weighted a particular dimension tended to think they possessed a personality trait corresponding to the dimension. Reasons for the individual difference hypothesis were given. (Author)

Tested the prediction that individual differences in sensation seeking moderate the relationship between attitudinal similarity and attraction. Results showed high sensation seekers were more attracted than low sensation seekers to dissimilar others, whereas low sensation seekers were more attracted than high sensation seekers to people with…

Examined whether a total score on a multidimensional measure of trait anxiety could supplement the ability of individual dimension scale scores in predicting state anxiety responses to dimension-congruent stress. Results support the multidimensional approach to general trait anxiety but indicate that a total score would supplement predictions.…

Tested whether individuals with Type A coronary-prone behavior focus attention more on important tasks, than do Type B's. Results indicated Type A's performed better on math problems and recalled more fatigue-related mood items when task was important, whereas Type B's performance did not differ between the task categories. (Author/RC)