Presents a formula for determining catch-up time in cases of alleged discrimination in education, work, and other situations. Defines "catch-up time" as the number of years that would be required for a specific subgroup in the general population to assume a desired proportion of the total composition of the targeted group. (KH)

A study examined the affirmative action strategies used by organizations (educational institutions, government agencies, and private companies) to recruit, select, retain, and promote racial minorities. Compared to private companies, educational and governmental bodies tend to use a broader range of methods, and they are more willing to share…

Affirmative action programs for filling faculty and administrative positions in colleges or universities should: (1) comply with existing law; (2) correct the underrepresentation of women and minorities; (3) enhance the institution's ability to carry out its educational mission; and (4) protect the status and reputation of the women and minorities…