The recognition, validation and accreditation (RVA) of all forms of learning outcomes can help individuals to pursue flexible lifelong learning pathways, facilitating their access to a broader range of working and learning opportunities. Recognizing the prior learning of migrants and refugees from diverse backgrounds can also support the…

Assesses the Braddock-McPartland and Pettigrew-Martin articles and suggests a few limitations and extensions of their analyses. Concludes that race relations analysts need to go beyond the usual discussions of interracial prejudice, employment barriers, and tokenism to extend research to issues such as multifaceted methodologies and changing…

Examines the employment of minorities and women in individual federal agencies as of September 1988. Focuses on the influence of factors including agency size, union strength, blue collar/clerical employment, and the rate of new hires of Blacks, Hispanics, and women. Finds that contextual variables explain much of the variation in integration.…

Barriers to equal occupational opportunities for minorities are examined at three stages of the employment process: the job candidate stage, the job entry stage, and the job promotion stage. (PS)

Reviews the problems that arise at the recruitment, entry, and promotional stages for Black Americans. The problems arise from two interrelated sources: the structure of the situations themselves and the operation of anti-Black prejudice in both its traditional and modern forms. (PS)

Contrasts two views of affirmative action: (1) centralizing control over affirmative action with quotas and (2) making employment decisions that are consistent with sound business principles but which counteract prejudice, expand opportunities for underrepresented groups, and recognize labor market distortions that are unjustified by business…

The author examines the New York City Department of Sanitation's formulation of a program to introduce women into its blue-collar work force. Results indicate that comprehensive gender integration programs must pursue two distinct and often conflicting values--remediation and equity. (Author/CH)

This Delphi study suggests that women may not need affirmative action programs after the year 2000. Minorities, however, might not be fully integrated for an additional 30 years. (Author)

At the national level, there is ample evidence of considerable racial inequality in employment in Britain. The two main components of this inequality are discrimination and disadvantage. Under the Race Relations Act of 1976, industrial tribunals are empowered to impose penalties on those who discriminate unlawfully, but the Act does not impose an…

When American businesses hire, promote, and reward on the basis of race,they are not countering a trend, but behaving in accordance with the general norms of this society. To run counter to the trend they need only place Black managers in positions of power over the livelihood of other (White) employees. (PS)

Minority business set-asides must be more carefully scrutinized than they have been. To improve minority employment, the government should encourage all firms willing to employ minorities. (LHW)

Essays concerning multiple aspects of integrating the concept of professional equality between the sexes into the field of sport are presented. The abstract idea of sexual equality is examined, and methods for determining the degree of equality present in given working situations are set forth. A discussion of the laws, enforcing agencies, and…

Summarizes and discusses the following: (1) historical background of integration in the United States Army; (2) preparations for integration; (3) how the policy was carried out; (4) factors leading to success of the integration policy; and (5) current objectives regarding racial equality in the Army. (PS)

Presents a report prepared by the Faculty Senate/Employee Executive Council Committee on Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity at the University of Oklahoma. Describes the legal basis for affirmative action; provides recommendations for improving equal employment opportunities at the University; and discusses long-term, effective use…

Pettigrew and Martin overstate the causal priority of structure over social psychology in maintaining barriers to equal employment and downplay the importance of the research they review. Braddock and McPartland present a plausible case for the existence of institutional barriers to equal employment, but their research is not conclusive. (PS)