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Littleton, Eliza Beth – Cognition and Instruction, 1998
Ten children, 5- to 9-years old, taught magic tricks to absent and present peers through tape-recorded and face-to-face instructions. Children's informative, descriptive, and persuasive speech was compared for absent and present peers, and effects of age, practice, and trick length were assessed. Results revealed skills for informative and…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Audience Awareness, Audiotape Recordings, Descriptive Writing
Mullis, Ina V. S. – 1985
In 1983-84, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) administered a 15-task writing assessment in grades 4, 8, and 11. The tasks involved informative, persuasive, and imaginative writing, and were evaluated at one of four levels of success: unsatisfactory; rudimentary or minimal performance; satisfactory; or detailed and controlled…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Creative Writing, Educational Assessment, Elementary Secondary Education