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Connors, Robert J. – 1981
Although first enunciated in 1827 by Samuel Newman, the modes of discourse--narration, description, exposition, and argument--were not very popular until formulated in 1866 and presented in the United States in a rhetoric textbook in 1885. After 1890, they were gradually accepted by the most influential rhetoricians of the day, and their use in…
Descriptors: Classification, Descriptive Writing, Expository Writing, History

D'Angelo, Frank J. – College Composition and Communication, 1978
Describes how the four traditional kinds of writing (description, narration, exposition, and argumentation) are used in advertising and suggests ways that advertising and the four modes may be used to teach composition. (DD)
Descriptors: Advertising, Descriptive Writing, Expository Writing, Higher Education

Herrick, Michael J. – English Quarterly, 1994
Describes how a writing teacher has his students write about one object in the four modes (description, narration, argumentation, and exposition) as a means of learning about writing and writing to learn. Suggests that students learn about their topics when they write about them in the four modes. (SR)
Descriptors: Descriptive Writing, Elementary Secondary Education, Expository Writing, Narration

Graesser, Arthur C.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1980
Retention of prose is examined as it is affected by (1) outlines as advanced organizers; (2) preexperimental familiarity with the material; and (3) text genre. Findings are discussed in the context of current theories in cognitive psychology, particularly those of structure, organization, and representation of knowledge and prose. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Advance Organizers, Cognitive Processes, Descriptive Writing, Expository Writing

Adams, Katherine S. – Teaching English in the Two-Year College, 1984
Analyzes changes in content and shifts in emphasis in rhetoric texts from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. Suggests that the current-traditional approach to the teaching of rhetoric used in most college classrooms has a strong similarity to that advocated by early rhetoricians. (RBW)
Descriptors: Descriptive Writing, Discourse Analysis, Educational History, Expository Writing

Veal, L. Ramon; Tillman, Murray – Research in the Teaching of English, 1971
Presents evidence that written responses to modality develop from a homogeneous writing quality to a more heterogeneous writing quality with some modes systematically favored over others." (Author)
Descriptors: Child Language, Descriptive Writing, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods
Perron, John D. – 1977
This is the fourth and final report in a series dealing with the impact of the modes of discourse (description, narration, exposition, and argumentation) on written syntactic complexity at the elementary school level. The first three reports dealt in turn with the three grade levels involved in the study (third, fourth, and fifth grades). This…
Descriptors: Descriptive Writing, Expository Writing, Intermediate Grades, Language Acquisition
Perron, John D. – 1977
Written syntactic complexity is considered in relation to the four modes of discourse (argumentation, exposition, narration, and description). In a study of 153 children at three ability ranges within each of three grade levels (three, four, and five), syntactic complexity was found to differ significantly across the modes. The range of syntactic…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Descriptive Writing, Educational Research, Elementary Education
Crowhurst, Marion – 1978
In order to determine the effects of writing for different audiences and in different modes of discourse on the syntactic complexity of compositions written by sixth and tenth grade students, 240 students were asked to write in three different modes (argumentive, descriptive, and narrative) to be read by a teacher and a best friend. There was a…
Descriptors: Audiences, Descriptive Writing, Discourse Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education
Perron, J.D. – 1976
This study investigates the effect of mode of expression on the syntactic complexity of writing produced by third-grade children. Approximately 200 samples of writing in the modes of argumentation, exposition, narration, and description were collected from 50 third graders in the Atlanta school district. Syntactic complexity, as measured by length…
Descriptors: Descriptive Writing, Difficulty Level, Expository Writing, Grade 3
Mack, Tom – 1983
Group activities in the classroom can be a useful way to explore various standard rhetorical patterns. For descriptive writing, students can select and write about unsigned collages made by classmates. The writer can try to find a unifying theme that characterizes the artist's personality. A narrative component can be added to descriptive writing…
Descriptors: Class Activities, Classroom Techniques, Descriptive Writing, Group Activities
Dellinger, Dixie Gibbs – 1982
Intended for high school composition instructors, this book resolves the seeming contradiction between creative, expressive writing and formal exposition and argumentation by presenting a teaching method that treats creative writing as a necessary--if not sufficient--cause for exposition. The first two chapters describe a sequence of short fiction…
Descriptors: Content Area Writing, Creative Writing, Descriptive Writing, Educational Theories
Koenig, Peter William – 1977
This paper demonstrates the compatability of Aristotle's Four Causes (material, formal, efficient, and final) and George Campbell's Four Forms of Discourse (description, narration, exposition, and argumentation) and synthesizes them to form an ordered yet flexible writing model that can be used in composition instruction. Within the context of…
Descriptors: Aristotelian Criticism, Descriptive Writing, English Instruction, Expository Writing
Diadori, Pierangela – Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, 1988
Analyzes the different types of texts that can be used in the teaching of Italian as a foreign language. Based on their communicative function, the texts are divided into the following categories: description, narration, instruction, argumentation, and exposition. Grids with examples of each type of text are included. (CFM)
Descriptors: Cluster Grouping, Comparative Analysis, Curriculum Development, Descriptive Writing
San Mateo County Board of Education, Redwood City, CA. – 1968
This teaching guide on composition for grades 7-12 has been designed as a supplement to aid in encouraging the student to understand the importance of the spoken and written word. Included are sections on (1) research in grammar and usage, with annotated assessments of more than 50 current studies, (2) sentence structure, with lesson plans on…
Descriptors: Descriptive Writing, Discussion (Teaching Technique), Educational Research, English Education
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