This article reports the results of two studies examining the effectiveness of the whole-word and analytic instructional methods in teaching different subtypes of readers (students with normal reading performance, surface dyslexics, phonological dyslexics, and both dyslexic patterns) and four kinds of Chinese two-character words (two regular [RR],…

Investigated phonological and visual skills in 6- to 16-year olds' spelling on Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised dictation. Compared to age-matched average spellers, poor spellers had fewer phonologically accurate and visual matches, but more close visual match misspellings and fewer phonologically unconstrained misspellings. Average spellers…

This study examined the basic literacy skills and related processes of 1st- through 4th-grade children speaking English as a 1st language (L1) and English as a 2nd language (ESL). The performances of the L1 and ESL children on phonological awareness, word and pseudoword reading, and word and pseudoword spelling tasks were highly similar. The ESL…

This study evaluated the effect of sound-symbol association training on visual and phonological memory in children (n=24) with a history of dyslexia. Comparison with controls matched for either age or reading level found children with dyslexia or whose dyslexia had been compensated demonstrated a variety of visual and phonological memory deficits,…

The double-deficit hypothesis of developmental dyslexia proposes that deficits in phonological processing and naming speed represent independent sources of dysfunction in dyslexia. The present article is a review of the evidence for the double-deficit hypothesis, including a discussion of recent findings related to the hypothesis. Studies in this…

Fifteen children (ages 5.1 to 6) received a 12-week intervention on measures of phonological processing skills and reading. At posttest, students performed significantly better than the control group on measures of phonological processing skills and in reading. Results suggest such early intervention may enhance early reading and possibly reduce…

Assesses 48 French children's phonological skills from kindergarten to the end of grade two. Finds that the French-speaking children used phonological mediation in silent-reading tasks and that phonological processing contributes to the construction of the orthographic lexicon. (RS)

The purpose of this article is to review published studies of the English literacy of children in Canada who are English language learners (ELLs) with the goal of understanding the reading development of ELLs and characteristics of reading disabilities (RD) in this population. Phonological processing, syntactic awareness, and working memory of…

Investigates the development and role of phonological recoding in beginning reading. Finds regular phases in phonological recoding prior to accuracy in reading simple pseudowords and a strong but changing relationship between these rudimentary skills and several reading tasks. Finds that phonological recoding and phoneme awareness are complex…

This study with 47 university students having reading disabilities, 15 students with other learning disabilities, and 12 nondisabled readers found that most nondisabled subjects used a phonological rehearsal strategy for words and nonwords, whereas students with reading disabilities consistently used a strategy of visual scanning for these tasks.…

Studies examining phonological skills in children with reading disabilities are reviewed. Reading disability appears to be characterized by a severe deficit in phonological skills. Phonological skills are very slow to develop in reading disabled children, while the visual route to the identification of meaning appears to develop significantly…

Canadian English-Italian bilingual children were administered phonological, reading, spelling, syntactic, and working memory tasks in both languages. Results suggest English-Italian interdependence is most clearly related to phonological processing but may influence other linguistic modules. Exposure to a language with more predictable…

Development of children's phonological and orthographic processing was studied from middle of grade 1 to end of grade 4. Signs of reliance on phonological processing were found on reading aloud, spelling, and silent reading tasks, even with indicators of reliance on orthographic processing. Phonological and orthographic processing appeared to be…

Examined whether measures used to identify children at risk for reading failure are appropriate for children from different language backgrounds. Tasks assessing literacy and phonological skills and language processing at the beginning and end of kindergarten were administered to 40 native English speakers, 59 bilingual children, and 60 children…

Examines accuracy as a function of native language and reading ability of grade two children who spelled pseudo-words and real words. Substantiates the hypothesis that poor readers would spell more poorly than average readers. Finds second language speakers also displayed phonological deficits relative to native speakers; however, they performed…