Pitching velocity is a crucial factor in effective baseball pitching performance. Upper-body-focused training is prevalent in baseball training to increase pitching velocity. However, significant pitchers, including youth league baseball players, suffer from upper body injuries due to the heavy training load of the throwing arm. This article…

This study aimed to investigate whether or not gymnastics is effective to develop 60-72-month-old children's motor skills. The participants were selected from two different preschools in the same district of Ankara, Turkey. While half of the children participated in regular gymnastic activities in their schools, the remaining part of them did not…

The adoption of compensatory movement patterns occurs when limitations in mobility, stability, or motor control prevent proper motion from occurring. These dysfunctional movements may inhibit fundamental motor skill development and negatively influence perceived movement competence, impeding the development of physical literacy. Therefore, this…

The aim of this paper was to examine the selected physical and motoric characteristics of students with mild intellectual disabilities. The total number of the participants was 119 (54 females and 65 males) and the mean age was 10.78 ± 1.88 years. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and body fat mass scores were collected…

Growth and development have a profound effect on physical fitness, response to exercise, and exercise programming in children. This article reviews the essential pediatric exercise physiology concepts relevant to physical education programs for K-6 children. Indices of physical fitness such as cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and…

This report describes the movement characteristics of a three year old boy and girl as they performed a one-handed striking task over a one year period. Observations were made at 4 month intervals as part of a filmed, longitudinal study on the development of motor patterns. The one-handed striking pattern was elicited by asking the children to hit…

Research data indicates that adolescents in early stages of development of secondary sexual features show a higher rate of increase in speed-strength qualities than any other stage of puberty, regardless of age. Opinion exists that it is best to develop physical capabilities during the period of their significant increase. (Author/JH)

One of every six children in the United States is so weak, uncoordinated, or generally inept that he or she is physically underdeveloped by the standards of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. This booklet outlines diagnostic tests that can identify physical difficulties or shortcomings in children between the ages of 9 to 17…

This literature study was conducted to compare and evaluate various types and techniques of weight lifting so that a weight lifting program could be selected or devised for a secondary school. Annotations of 32 research reports, journal articles, and monographs on isotonic strength training are presented. The literature in the first part of the…

A theoretical framework for incorporating relaxation instruction in the physical education curriculum is presented based on the assumption that relaxation is a muscular-skeletal skill benefitting general motor skill acquisition. Theoretical principles, a definition of relaxation, and an analysis of stages of skill development are also used in the…

This is a report on research in the field of physical responses of children to strenuous activity. The paper is divided into three subtopics: (1) peak performance measure in children; (2) training effects on children; and (3) importance of physical activity for children. Measurements used are oxygen consumption, ventilation, heart rate, cardiac…