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Jianqiang Ye; Junhua Gao; Tingting Lin; Kun He; Dimei Chen – Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2025
This study explored the impact of oxidation-reduction reaction problem difficulty on university students' cognitive load using event-related potentials (ERPs). Forty-eight balanced low and high difficulty problems were designed. Fifteen undergraduate students majoring in chemistry (8 females and 7 males) participated in the study. Results…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Undergraduate Students, Chemistry, Difficulty Level
Braren, Stephen H.; Brandes-Aitken, Annie; Perry, Rosemarie E.; Williams, Kevon; Lyons, Krystalle; Rowe-Harriott, Sashana; Blair, Clancy – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2021
We examined interactions between baseline hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in relation to executive functions (EF) in a sample (n = 1,005) of children in low wealth, nonurban communities at age 48 months. Salivary cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) represented baseline HPA…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Physiology, Executive Function, Low Income Groups
Dolleman-van der Weel, Margriet J.; Griffin, Amy L.; Ito, Hiroshi T.; Shapiro, Matthew L.; Witter, Menno P.; Vertes, Robert P.; Allen, Timothy A. – Learning & Memory, 2019
The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) is a key component of an extensive network of hippocampal and cortical structures and is a fundamental substrate for cognition. A common misconception is that RE is a simple relay structure. Instead, a better conceptualization is that RE is a critical component of a canonical higher-order…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Anatomy, Physiology
Choinski, Mateusz; Szelag, Elzbieta; Wolak, Tomasz; Szymaszek, Aneta – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2023
Background: Aphasia is often accompanied by impairment of non-language cognitive functions. Assessment of cognitive capacity in people with aphasia (PWA) with standard neuropsychological methods may be problematic due to their language difficulties. Numerous experimental studies indicate that P300 may be considered as an index of cognitive…
Descriptors: Neuropsychology, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Cognitive Ability
Kim, So Hyun; Buzzell, George; Faja, Susan; Choi, Yeo Bi; Thomas, Hannah R; Brito, Natalie Hiromi; Shuffrey, Lauren C.; Fifer, William P.; Morrison, Frederick D.; Lord, Catherine; Fox, Nathan – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2020
Although electrophysiological (electroencephalography) measures of executive functions (e.g. error monitoring) have been used to predict academic achievement in typically developing children, work investigating a link between error monitoring and academic skills in children with autism spectrum disorder is limited. In this study, we employed…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Kindergarten, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Blair, Clancy; Kuzawa, Christopher W.; Willoughby, Michael T. – Developmental Science, 2020
A well-established literature demonstrates executive function (EF) deficits in obese children and adults relative to healthy weight comparisons. EF deficits in obesity are associated with overeating and impulsive consumption of high calorie foods leading to excess weight gain and to problems with metabolic regulation and low-grade inflammation…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Child Development, Body Composition, Obesity
Mary Helen Immordino-Yang; Linda Darling-Hammond; Christina R. Krone – Educational Psychologist, 2019
New advances in neurobiology are revealing that brain development and the learning it enables are directly dependent on social-emotional experience. Growing bodies of research reveal the importance of socially triggered epigenetic contributions to brain development and brain network configuration, with implications for social-emotional…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Development, Social Development, Emotional Development
Liu, Xiuying; Liu, Tongran; Shangguan, Fangfang; Sørensen, Thomas Alrik; Liu, Qian; Shi, Jiannong – Developmental Psychology, 2018
Conflict adaptation is key in how children self-regulate and assert cognitive control in a given situation compared with a previous experience. In the current study, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify age-related differences in conflict adaptation. Participants of different ages (5-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Physiology, Comparative Analysis
Barr, Donald A. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2018
Many kindergarten teachers have encountered children who enter school lacking the ability to control their behavior, but they may not understand the social and biological processes behind these children's disruptive behavior. The author reviews research into early childhood brain development to explain how trauma and chronic stress can make it…
Descriptors: Trauma, Kindergarten, Interference (Learning), Self Control
Lawson, Gwendolyn M.; Duda, Jeffrey T.; Avants, Brian B.; Wu, Jue; Farah, Martha J. – Developmental Science, 2013
Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predicts executive function performance and measures of prefrontal cortical function, but little is known about its anatomical correlates. Structural MRI and demographic data from a sample of 283 healthy children from the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development were used to investigate the relationship…
Descriptors: Correlation, Socioeconomic Status, Prediction, Executive Function
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 2016
Adults need certain capabilities to get and keep a job, provide responsive care for children, manage a household, and contribute productively to the community. When these skills have not developed as they should, or are compromised by the stresses of poverty or other ongoing adversity, our communities pay the price. But where do these capabilities…
Descriptors: Adults, Skill Development, Job Skills, Parenting Skills
Han, Yvonne M. Y.; Chan, Agnes S.; Sze, Sophia L.; Cheung, Mei-Chun; Wong, Chun-kwok; Lam, Joseph M. K.; Poon, Priscilla M. K. – Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2013
Previous studies have shown that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have impaired executive function, disordered neural connectivity, and abnormal immunologic function. The present study examined whether these abnormalities were associated. Seventeen high-functioning (HFA) and 17 low-functioning (LFA) children with ASD, aged 8-17…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Autism, Foreign Countries
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 2016
The creation of this document has been driven by an intensive review process by the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child and the National Forum on Early Childhood Policy and Programs to assure the credibility of its scientific content. Over the past 12 years, the Council's ongoing work to bring science to bear on public policies for…
Descriptors: Best Practices, Public Policy, Child Development, Young Children
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, 2016
These are the key findings from the "From Best Practices to Breakthrough Impacts: A Science-Based Approach to Building a More Promising Future for Young Children and Families". Early childhood is a time of great promise and rapid change, when the architecture of the developing brain is most open to the influences of relationships and…
Descriptors: Best Practices, Child Development, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Young Children
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.; Jarmolowicz, David P.; Mueller, E. Terry; Bickel, Warren K. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2013
Excessively devaluing delayed reinforcers co-occurs with a wide variety of clinical conditions such as drug dependence, obesity, and excessive gambling. If excessive delay discounting is a trans-disease process that underlies the choice behavior leading to these and other negative health conditions, efforts to change an individual's discount rate…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Conceptual Tempo, Reinforcement, Therapy
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