Research on elementary students' reasoning on patterning problems with pictorial representations has illustrated that students can visualize structure in patterns in different ways. In this paper, we offer a characterization of students' spatial structures and numerical structures and explain how the link between these two structures can support…

This exploratory post-hoc analysis examined the impact of learners' first language (L1) on learning vocabulary annotated in immersive 360º pictures. This analysis is a part of a larger, between-subjects study (Papin & Kaplan-Rakowski, 2020) in which learners (N=63) of French as a second language (L2) studied vocabulary annotated in (1)…

This study examines the role of phenotypic stereotypicality on pre-service teachers' perceptions and classroom management decisions about Black girls using participants from the Teacher Education Program (TEP) at the UCLA. Participants read the same subjective disruptive classroom behavior vignette paired with a photo of white or Black girl that…

While teaching speaking it is desired to provide a rich environment in class for meaningful communication to take place. With this aim, various speaking activities can contribute a great deal to students in developing their interactive skills necessary for life. These activities make students active in the learning process and at the same time…

The followership field remains overshadowed by the leadership field, with traditional assumptions attached to the "follower" concept further undervaluing the importance of progressive understandings of leadership. This paper considers following as a relational process and provides illustrative extracts from empirical research. Future…

To support university students' understanding of mathematical proofs, pictures accompanying text are frequently used in textbooks as well as in lectures. However, it is unclear if such pictures influence the individual's reading behaviour. By recording the eye movements of eight mathematicians, we investigated whether and how adults with high…

Intercultural simulations, such as Barnga (Thiagarajan & Steinwachs, 1990), along with the use of critical incidents (Gibson, 2002; Gropper, 1996), have long been a mainstay of intercultural communication courses and have found their way into English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms (Apedaile &…

This article is derived from a larger study of the Family Learning Network (FLN) which evaluated the effectiveness of school and community agency partnerships in enhancing student engagement. In particular it describes how photo elicitation methodology was used with 8 year old primary school children in three schools to discuss their views of the…

This bibliography lists research articles on selected pictorial research appearing in the 1974-76 volumes of about 50 journals in psychology, educational psychology, and communications. Most articles report research in which pictorial materials were used as experimental stimuli. Some research using only verbal material and some on mental imagery…

Eleven cemeteries in Wyoming are examined for visuals pertaining to life in the West. The purpose is to demonstrate the importance of Western culture tradition evidenced through tombstone symbolism--representations of the activities and environments of the living through the memory provided by the deceased. The visual symbols found on the…

One hundred and one subjects responded to a questionnaire examining newspaper readers' response to news photographs depicting accidents. Each questionnaire contained four different accident scene photographs, with cutline information stating that the individual in the photograph either had died or was not seriously hurt. Each photograph was…

Thirty hearing impaired students (11-14 years old) participated in a study to measure classification principles using demonstration or display of labels containing relevant words or iconic signs. Three methods of teaching classificatory principles were employed: demonstration, verbal labels, or iconic labels. Analysis of mistakes made by Ss…

This paper is concerned with two questions derived from Piaget and Inhelder's (1973) work on the relationship between memory and the developing intelligence of the child. First, can children retain operatively advanced information through the use of a non-operative mnemonic? Secondly, can the salience of operative versus non-operative information…

A survey of images on gravestones yields a fascinating array of symbols and visual communication. This paper describes a project in which over 300 symbols in graveyards of the southeastern United States were examined. The method of recording the images and information about them was to photograph the symbol with a 35mm single lens reflex (SLR) and…

This paper discusses issues of representation in the use of scientific visualizations, specifically those used for biomedical applications, and the implications of those issues to interface design. Topics addressed include the benefits of research into the generation of virtual simulation (virtual reality) and the importance of realism. (Contains…