In five experiments, we examined cross-language activation during speech production in various groups of bilinguals and trilinguals who differed in nonnative language proficiency, language learning background, and age. In Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 5, German 5- to 8-year-old second language learners of English, German-English bilinguals,…

Evidence that young children often claim ownership of their partner's contributions to an earlier collaborative activity, the "appropriation bias", has been attributed to shared intentionality ("Cognitive Development" (1998) 13, 91-108). The current investigation explored this notion by examining individual differences in the bias among 4- and…

The influence of contextual similarity on children's recognition memory performance was examined using a retroactive interference paradigm. In the study, 9- and 12-year-olds were randomly assigned to one of two contextual conditions. In both conditions, target and interfering information were presented in distinctive contexts by using different…

Strategic remembering emerges gradually during the preschool years. Socialization practices, specifically mother-child social interactions, might provide the foundation for the development of skills necessary for effective organization of information in memory. In the current study, 48 mothers and their 40-month-olds were engaged in the process of…

The French language has a grammatical gender system in which all nouns are assigned either a masculine or a feminine gender. Nouns provide two types of gender cues that can potentially guide gender attribution: morphophonological cues carried by endings and semantic cues (natural gender). The first goal of this study was to describe the…

Adults and 6 and 10 year olds performed tasks in which they combined and subtracted parts of visual images to discover new images. Results indicated that adults and children were able to transform a mental image so as to yield another image. (BC)

Paper is based on a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Case Western Reserve University. (WY)

The effects of perceptual set and of "sequential visual noise" on the identification of briefly exposed pictures were examined in 5-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults. (Author/MP)

Two experiments are presented which investigated the effect of retention interval and information load on short-term recognition memory in retarded subjects. (Author/SET)

Examines the kinds of information children encode and remember from complex pictures and attempts to determine whether there are developmental changes in the kinds of information processed. Subjects were first, third, and fifth grade children. (BD)

In four experiments 192 infants of five to six months of age were tested for recognition memory of briefly presented visual stimuli. The implications of savings effects in infant memory are discussed. (Author/MP)