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| Second Language Learning | 3 |
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| Richards, Jack C. | 3 |
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Peer reviewedRichards, Jack C. – Language Learning, 1972
Earlier version of this paper presented at the Modern Language Center, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Canada. (RS)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Creoles, English (Second Language), Immigrants
Download full textRichards, Jack C.
This paper considers a number of diverse contexts in which English is learned as a second language and in which nonstandard dialects arise because of social and linguistic factors. The varieties considered here are immigrant English, indigenous-minority varieties of English, pidginization and creolization, local varieties of non-native English,…
Descriptors: Creoles, Dialect Studies, English (Second Language), Immigrants
Richards, Jack C. – 1978
From a consideration of variability in language-learner and language-user data, the concept of proficiency is considered in relation to models of second and foreign language learning. Proficiency is defined in relation to four separate dimensions: grammatical well-formedness, speech-act rules, functional elaboration, and code diversity. This…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Cultural Influences, English, English (Second Language)
