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Cohen, David K.; Mehta, Jal D. – American Educational Research Journal, 2017
Counter to narratives of persistently failed school reform, we argue that reforms sometimes succeed and seek to understand why. Drawing on examples from the founding of public schools to the present, we find that successful system-wide reforms addressed problems that teachers thought they had by being consistent with prevailing norms and values,…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Educational Change, Policy Analysis, School Effectiveness
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Tarc, Paul – Journal of Research in International Education, 2009
The International Baccalaureate (IB) emerged in the 1960s after a significant demand arose for an internationally recognized secondary school-leaving diploma among a subset of the international school community. In tension with the practical demands of producing and sustaining a mobile diploma were underlying liberal-humanist visions of a…
Descriptors: Advanced Placement Programs, Educational History, Secondary Schools, International Programs