Contrasts the effects of a policy of regulation of pollutant discharge by enforcement of a permit system with the likely consequences of a policy of charging for effluents, thus increasing the cost of discharge. The charge for residuals is favored, and it is suggested that trials of the system be conducted, perhaps with a federal tax on emission…

Shows that excess pollution arises because the waste disposal capacity of the environment is provided free of charge. Proposes a tax on materials removed from the environment, with refunds varying with the method of disposal: harmless methods obtaining full refund, most harmful disposal attracting no refund. Tax to be based on social cost of most…

Zoo animals, apparently poisoned by atmospheric lead, may serve as an indicator of dangerous concentrations in New York City's atmosphere. (AL)

Considers reasons for water, air, and land pollution in the Soviet Union, incentives to pollute under socialism and the advantages socialism has for environmental management. Concludes that industrialization, not private enterprise, causes environmental disruption, and that strongly centralized planned economics do not necessarily avoid…

Proposes seven rules to guide rational determination of permissible levels of air, water, and food contaminants to avoid unwarranted banning" and unreasonable economic and social costs. (AL)

Reviews New York City's Environmental Protection Administration two-year effort in air, water, noise, and solid waste pollution control. Successes and difficulties are seen as applicable to other urban areas. Long-term planning considers population control, poverty programs, traffic management, and land use. (JM)

Mathematical models indicate increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide causes an increase in surface temperature at a decreasing rate, and the rate of temperature decrease caused by increasing aerosols increases with aerosol concentration. (AL)