Climate change-related disasters have drawn increased attention to the impact of air pollution on health. 122 children ages 9-11 years old, M(SD) = 9.91(.56), participated. Levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) near participants' homes were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency. Cytokines were assayed from 100 child serum samples: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF[alpha]. Autonomic physiology was indexed by pre-ejection period (PEP), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), and cardiac autonomic balance (CAB). IL-6 was positively related to daily PM2.5 (r = 0.26, p = 0.009). IL-8 was negatively associated with monthly PM2.5 (r = -0.23, p = 0.02). PEP was positively related to daily (r = 0.29, p = 0.001) and monthly PM2.5 (r = 0.18, p = 0.044). CAR was negatively associated with daily PM2.5 (r = -0.29, p = 0.001). IL-10, TNFa, RSA, and CAB were not associated with PM2.5. Air pollution may increase risk of inflammation in children.