Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review and categorize current trends in student engagement and performance prediction using machine learning techniques during online learning in higher education. The goal is to gain a better understanding of student engagement prediction research that is important for current educational planning and…

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) admit unconfounded design-based inference--randomization largely justifies the assumptions underlying statistical effect estimates--but often have limited sample sizes. However, researchers may have access to big observational data on covariates and outcomes from RCT non-participants. For example, data from A/B…

Examines notion of algorithms and describes variety of roles they take in educational endeavors. Problems in their development and application are explored, and implications for future use and research are presented. References are included. (BK)