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Direct linkUmay Sen; Wangchuk; Nidup Dorji; Pär Nyström; Johanna Hellberg; Gustaf Gredebäck – Developmental Science, 2026
This study examines the links between urbanization-related factors (crowding, access to institutions, and socioeconomic status) and cognitive development in young children (3-5 years old) in Bhutan, a rapidly urbanizing country in the Global South. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on data from 443 families, we find that SES is the…
Descriptors: Urbanization, Child Development, Socioeconomic Influences, Environmental Influences
Jacob-Paul C. Taylor; Malgorzata J. Zuber; David S. Shoup – Journal of Education, 2026
Exclusionary school discipline practices, such as suspension and expulsion, disproportionately affect students of color and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, perpetuating racial and socioeconomic inequalities in educational outcomes. Despite evidence highlighting the ineffectiveness and harm caused by these practices, many schools…
Descriptors: High Schools, Suspension, Expulsion, Institutional Characteristics
