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Direct linkMitchell, Roxanne M.; Mendiola, Brenda J.; Schumacker, Randall; Lowery, Xaviera – Journal of Educational Administration, 2016
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to use SEM to explore the effects of enabling school structure (ESS) and academic optimism (AO) on school achievement (SA). Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 58 urban schools, including 42 elementary schools and 16 middle schools in a southeastern district in the USA were included in this study.…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Urban Schools, Elementary Schools, Middle Schools
Adams, Curt M.; Forsyth, Patrick B. – Journal of Educational Administration, 2006
Purpose: Recent scholarship has augmented Bandura's theory underlying efficacy formation by pointing to more proximate sources of efficacy information involved in forming collective teacher efficacy. These proximate sources of efficacy information theoretically shape a teacher's perception of the teaching context, operationalizing the difficulty…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Academic Achievement, Predictor Variables, Teacher Attitudes
