Ultramarathon running, competing in distances beyond the 26.2 mile marathon, is one of the fastest growing segments of endurance competition. The sport has more than tripled in entrant size over the past 12 years and now attracts over 26,000 athletes on an annual basis. However, there is a limited understanding of what motivates individuals to…

The present study examines primary school students' perceptions of teachers' interpersonal behaviour across four school subjects and explores their relationships with students' affective and moral learning outcomes. Self-administered questionnaires, measuring teachers' interpersonal behaviour, students' attitudes toward their teachers, and their…

Empathy has been hypothesized as a mediator facilitating prosocial behaviors such as altruism. Definitions and measures of empathy disagree as to the extent to which the observer's response is affective and the necessity for the observer to understand the other's point of view. A conceptualization of empathy which includes these considerations has…

Literature from organizational and social psychology has suggested that three types of factors influence performance, i.e., cognitive, affective and behavioral. A model was developed to test a set of propositions concerning the relationship between the three kinds of factors, and included attributions, expectancies, general emotional responses to…

Observed father's behaviors toward newborns. Found fathers who had been present during delivery exhibited more distal attachment-type behaviors. Proximal father behavior (touching) did not differ according to father presence at delivery. Attendance at prenatal classes was not related to either father behaviors observed. (Author)

The investigations focused on two main subject areas. The first series of experiments explored the validity of verbal association based inferences as an attitude measure and predictor of behavior. When compared with paper-and-pencil methods, the association based attitude index (EDI) showed high positive correlation as a group measure and medium…

Comments on this special theme issue examining the roles of socialization, biology, and culture as they affect adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Presents models for predicting and understanding behavioral and affective change at transitions occurring especially from middle childhood through adolescence. Provides examples…