Teachers need to be competent in integrating ICT into education to support teaching and learning process. This study aims to investigate both the pre-service and starting teachers' perceptions for ICT-related variables--perceived ICT competence, perceived competence in ICT integration, attitudes towards ICT, anxiety around ICT usage, external…

ICT integration into classroom teaching and learning practices depends on teachers' attitude toward ICT and the extent of their training in the technology. Early research suggests that males have more positive attitudes toward ICT and have more knowledge and skills about technology than females. Contemporary research, however, suggests that…

Despite technological advancements intended to enhance teaching and learning in the 21st century, numerous teacher and school factors continue to impede quality classroom technology use. Determining the effectiveness of educational technology is challenging and requires a detailed understanding of multifaceted, complex, contextual relationships.…