In sample survey analysis, accurate population mean estimation is an important task, but traditional approaches frequently ignore the intricacies of real-world data, leading to biassed results. In order to handle uncertainties, indeterminacies, and ambiguity, this work presents an innovative approach based on neutrosophic statistics. We proposed…

The effects of sample size, number of variables, and population value of the congruence coefficient on the sampling distribution of the congruence coefficient were examined. Sample data were generated on the basis of the common factor model, and principal axes factor analyses were performed. (Author/LMO)