Analyzed data on employment after marriage for a cohort of women born around 1938. Results show a decline in the propensity to follow a conventional pattern of leaving the work force due to marriage or childbirth. The double track pattern of employment during childrearing is more common. (Author/JAC)

Investigated relationships among socioeconomic status, family constellation, parental practices, and preschool-age children's awareness of and rationales for rules and conventions. Children's knowledge of rules and conventions was related to social class variables. Parental behaviors were found to be better predictors of the level of children's…

Presents a theoretical perspective that integrates elements of social structural and social psychological explanations of spouse abuse. Suggests certain types of status inconsistency and status incompatibility involve very high risks of spouse abuse, particularly life-threatening violence. Other types of inconsistency seem to protect couples from…

The personality typologies of couples who sought marital counseling were generally incongruent as determined by Holland codes. The Holland hexagonal model was useful in predicting which spouse would initiate marriage counseling, in obtaining a cognitive understanding of specific conflicts, and in helping couples resolve concerns. (Author)

Examined predictors of teachers' (N=182) management beliefs (the degree to which teachers believe they can personally manage a behavior). Found variables relating to greatest number of dependent measures were student academic achievement and socioeconomic status. (Author/ABL)

Challenges the prevailing view that educational effectiveness in Third World countries is related to school-based factors rather than student background variables. Uses a study of academic achievement in 32 Zimbabwean schools to illustrate the use of a multilevel regression model for school effectiveness research. Contains 42 references. (SV)

This study of 6,007 males born in northern Finland in 1966 found that 6% acquired a criminal record between 15 and 22 years. A higher than average delinquency rate was found among those with lower socioeconomic status, especially when combined with low intelligence. Family social problems had a greater predisposing effect for delinquent behavior…

The connection between the variables of socioeconomic class and social networks are explored, and the outlines of a model are suggested that can integrate the variables coherently. Evidence from research in Northern Ireland and Philadelphia is used to help show the role played by weak network ties. (67 references) (Author/LB)

Thirty-three mother-child dyads participating in an early intervention program were observed through three 8-minute sessions that were videotaped for each dyad at the 5th, 10th, and 15th months. By 15 months, about half the dyads experienced an event that was defined as establishing successful interactions. Mothers' marital status predicted…

In this study we compare the distribution of parental educational styles and the scores reported both by parents and students for various family characteristics (acceptance, control, involvement, and expectations) and socio-demographic factors (socio-economic status, family structure, number of children, and order of birth of the children) in a…

Data from a population-based repository in Manitoba showed that students who are male, young for grade, and in Grades 1, 2, 7, and 8 were the most likely to be retained. After controlling for key student factors including socioeconomic status, school changes, and key school characteristics including stability of the student body, retention was a…

Via a simultaneous analysis of different life course pathways (marital, occupational, and childbearing histories) and different outcomes, this article addresses the question When does childlessness matter in late life and how? Survey data from Amsterdam (N = 661) and Berlin, Germany (N = 516) are used. Lifelong childlessness results in smaller…

This field study investigated the application of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures in classroom use of computer math games and its impact on students' math performance and math learning attitudes. One hundred and sixty 5th-grade students were recruited and randomly assigned to Teams-Games-Tournament cooperative gaming,…

Large nationally representative samples of White, Black, Hispanic, Asian American, and American Indian students were used in this study to examine current patterns and recent trends in racial, ethnic, and gender differences in school discipline from 1991 to 2005. Findings revealed that Black, Hispanic, and American Indian youth are slightly more…

This brief examines the factors related to depressive symptoms among mothers and explores the implications for acting out behavior in their third grade children. The authors found that children's acting out (externalizing) behavior in the third grade can be affected by a variety of difficulties in the lives of their mothers. Some of these…