This cross-sectional study attempted to (1) demonstrate that children's sex role orientation is related to their tendency for Type A behavior and (2) ascertain whether children expressing Type A behavior would experience difficulty in making and keeping friends. Participants were 286 kindergarten children and elementary school students in the…

Among college students, significant differences were found on all three dimensions (wife, mother, and father roles) of sex role attitudes between men and women but not between Blacks and Whites. The interaction of race and sex in conditioning effect of background variables on sex role attitudes varied among the four sex-race subsamples. (Author/GC)

A survey of 296 Chicago educators' attitudes toward judicial decisions affecting civil rights found that (1) attitudes among educators vary considerably, and there is at least as much variation among non-Whites as among Whites; and (2) educators are more conservative than the courts on issues affecting students. (KH)

A multiple regression procedure was used to develop a further understanding of the relationship of self-concept, intelligence, socioeconomic status, race, and sex to career maturity as measured by the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI). Results further indicated that socioeconomic status and self-concept seem to have a differential effect upon career…

The primary aim of this study was to describe the movement of adolescents and young adults into and out of drug use and to predict heavy drug use. The data source is the Department of Labor's National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which began in 1979 with a sample of 12,686 adolescents aged 14-21. After 17 rounds and 19 years, the response rate in…

Researchers who employ contextual models of parenting contend that it is not spanking per se, but rather the context in which spanking occurs and the meanings children ascribe to spanking, that predict child outcomes. This study proposed two plausible meanings that children may ascribe to spanking--a legitimate expression of parental authority or…

This study examined salary discrimination by race and sex for faculty of higher education institutions. Data were obtained from the 1993 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF-93), a cross-sectional survey of 817 public and private higher education institutions and 25,780 faculty. The findings indicated that while the salary gap between…

Risk factors for early adolescents' (700 between the ages of 10 to 13) delinquency were compared between groups of children high and low in childhood adversities. The samples represented young people from the two former Germanies (200 from former East and 500 from West Germany) who were interviewed in person. Additional information was gathered…

Studied the perceptions of college students (N=247) regarding male and female career development using a forced choice questionnaire. Significant sex, age, and commuter/resident differences were found. Most men agreed that men's attitudes about women's vocational roles influence women's choices, while most women disagreed. (JAC)

A survey of more than 600 Michigan high school students suggests that adolescents who prefer television news and public affairs programs tend to feel their families, friends, and schools think public affairs are important; tend to be older; and tend not to be from a minority racial background. (GT)

The confluence model of cognitive development was tested on 7,060 children. Family size, sibling order within family sizes, and hypothesized age-dependent effects were tested. Findings indicated an inverse relationship between family size and the cognitive measures; age-dependent effects and other confluence variables were found to be…

Assessed preschoolers' patterns of emotional expressiveness, emotion regulation, and emotion knowledge. Used latent variable modeling to identify their contributions to social competence, evidenced by sociometric liability and teacher ratings. Found that emotional competence assessed at 3 to 4 years of age contributed to both concurrent and…

This paper examines the contribution of parents' education and children's gender on parental expectations of their children's future education and the role of parental perceptions of their child's competencies in the formation of their expectations. A group of university and vocationally educated parents (N = 418) were asked to estimate the…

This study examined relations between therapist, caregiver, and youth characteristics and therapist adherence to multisystemic therapy (MST). Participants were 405 therapists in 45 organizations and the 1,711 families they treated with MST. Therapist perceptions that the flexible hours required to implement MST are problematic predicted lower…

Both family structure and processes have been associated with young people's sexual behaviour, but most studies are cross-sectional and focus on only one outcome: age at first intercourse. This paper uses longitudinal data from a survey of Scottish teenagers (N=5041) to show how low parental monitoring predicts early sexual activity for both sexes…