The purposes of this study are: (1) to demonstrate the superiority of simple ridge regression over ordinary least squares regression through theoretical argument and empirical example; (2) to modify ridge regression through use of the variance normalization criterion; and (3) to demonstrate the superiority of simple ridge regression based on the…

A new approach to partialling components is used. Like conventional partialling, this approach orthogonalizes variables by partitioning the scores or observations. Unlike conventional partialling, it yields a common component and two unique components. (Author/GDC)

A generalized measure of association and an associated test of significance are presented for nominal independent variables in which any number or combination of interval, ordinal, or nominal dependent variables can be analyzed. A permutation test of significance is provided for the new measure. (SLD)

Examination of the stochastics of moderated multiple regression (MMR) reveals that MMR is an appropriate technique when predictors are fixed variables and the distribution of errors is normal but is not appropriate when predictors are random variables and the joint distribution of criterion and predictor variables is multivariate normal. (SLD)

Lazraq and Cleroux (Psychometrika, 2002, 411-419) proposed a test for identifying the number of significant components in redundancy analysis. This test, however, is ill-conceived. A major problem is that it regards each redundancy component as if it were a single observed predictor variable, which cannot be justified except for the rare…

The utility of single-case vs. group studies has been debated in neuropsychology for many years. The purpose of the present study is to illustrate an alternative approach to group studies of aphasia, in which the same symptom dimensions that are commonly used to assign patients to classical taxonomies (fluency, naming, repetition, and…

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher perceptions of the ten specific principal instructional leadership behaviors of Hallinger's Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale as they relate to school need, school achievement, years of experience as a teacher, and years working with the current principal. This quantitative…

Introduction: The aim of this study is to gather knowledge about how different groups of Icelanders take advantage of information about health and lifestyle in their everyday life. Method: A random sample of 1,000 people was used in the study and data was gathered as a postal survey. Response rate was 50.8%. Analysis: K-means cluster analysis was…

Virtually all parametric statistical procedures have been shown to be special cases of canonical correlation analysis, which is a useful research methodology particularly when augmented by the calculation of canonical structure, index, and invariance coefficients. A logic for conducting stepwise canonical correlation analysis based upon evaluation…

Methods of regression commonality analysis are generalized for use in canonical correlation analysis. An actual data set (involving educators' attitudes toward death and age, locus of control, religion, and occupational role in working with terminally ill children) is employed to illustrate the extension. The method can be applied with respect to…

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to discover the amount of bias to be expected in canonical correlations and in the canonical redundancy statistic. Six hundred random sample replications of 72 conditions were performed and the mean sample values compared with population values. Conditions were varied with respect to the number of predictor…

Describes the method of discriminant analysis, including the concept of discriminant function, discriminant score, group centroid, and discriminant weights and loadings. Discusses methods for testing the statistical significance of a function, methods of using the function in classification, and the concept of rotating functions. Illustrates the…

This exploratory study examined the level of involvement of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) applicants in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin with the child welfare system both before and after their application for TANF assistance and inclusion in the study. The study found a high level of involvement of TANF applicants with child…

As limited research exists on medical students' substance use patterns, including over-consumption of alcohol, the objective of this study was to determine prevalence and correlates of at-risk drinking among a national sample of medical students, using a cross-sectional, anonymous, Web-based survey. A total of 2710 medical students from 36 U.S.…

The objective of the study was to identify and evaluate factors that are associated with differences in substance abuse between non-acculturated and acculturated Hispanic youth. We employed t-test and logistic regression to analyze self-reported survey data from 8,200 self-described Hispanic students. The outcome variable was past 30-day use of…