This article examines whether the importance of parents, siblings, best friends, and romantic interests are sex-specific in predicting daily juvenile smoking. Juveniles who smoke daily are strongly influenced by prosmoking attitudes and behaviors of same-sex family members. However, peers remain the most important associations in predicting daily…

This study examines differences in reported problems such as peer victimization, indirect victimization, direct victimization, internal symptoms, and external symptoms among Latino youth exposed to violence. Findings suggest that female adolescents display higher levels of indirect victimization (i.e., witnessing violence) and internal symptoms…

This study investigated the differential validity of the Wide Range Intelligence Test, which is a new, brief measure of ability. Participants (N = 744) ranged in age from 5 through 85 years (M = 26.7 years, SD = 21.4 years) and varied by the demographic variables of gender, race/ethnicity (Anglo, African American, Hispanic), and education level…

Most studies of the determinants of understanding in economics focus on performance in a single course or standardized exam. Taking advantage of a large data set available at the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA), the authors examined the performance of economics majors over an entire curriculum. They found that gender was not a significant predictor of…

A study examined the role played by gender and communication content in the leadership emergence process in small, task-oriented groups. Six hours of transcribed group interaction from a sample of the group deliberations of 6 mixed-sex groups of college students (n=27) engaged in a 4-month-long decision-making project served as the database for…

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPI) of 36 patient suicides were compared with two matching control groups. Female suicides differed significantly from all male groups and from both female control groups. These differentiating patterns emerged from a population of voluntary psychiatric patients and would not necessarily be…

A longitudinal study addressed the question of stability of individual expressive behaviors and replicated the basic findings of a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 25 infants for whom videotape records were available of four diptheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) inocculations scheduled at roughly 2, 4, 6, and 18 months. (Author/RH)

Examined the relationship between sex and annual salary for 650 certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs). Found sex to be a significant predictor of CRC annual salaries when effects of religion, employment setting, education, work/location, and work experience were controlled. Indicated that women earn 84% of the salaries earned by men.…

Psychiatrists have been reported to demonstrate a variety of negative attitudes toward older patients. This study suggests that certain personal characteristics of psychiatrists are associated with more pronounced negative attitudes. These characteristics include female gender, psychoanalytic theoretical orientation, and certification by the…

Surveyed employees of a comprehensive human services department during a period of budgetary retrenchment to determine whether there were gender-related differences in reported job satisfaction levels or in underlying factors. Human service employees become much more androgynous during times of fiscal hardship. (Author/MCF)

Presents data on adoption, adopted children, and children placed for adoption by women 15-44 years of age. Results suggest that the downward trend in the annual number of adoptions observed from 1970 through 1975 has leveled off. Racial, educational, and socioeconomic differences in placement and adoption are discussed. (Author/BL)

Administered the Irrational Beliefs Test, Anger Inventory, and Trait Anxiety Inventory to 382 students. Results revealed that personal perfection, anxious overconcern, blame pronenes, and catastrophizing were predictors of general anger. Anxious overconcern, problem avoidance, catastrophizing, and personal perfection were significant regression…

Investigated interrelationships between perceived causes of divorce in a sample of 275 males and 336 females. Seven dimensions of divorce, underlying 18 possible contributing causes, were revealed. Significant differences were found between the sexes both in frequencies with which causes were identified and in composition of the seven factors.…

Administered two scales for the evaluation of depression to two groups of medical inpatients: adults (N=201) and geriatric subjects (N=178). Results confirmed a high presence of depressive symptoms among patients with medical problems, particularly among geriatric subjects. Factors most predictive of depressive symptoms are identified. (JAC)