Investigated differences in the personality and social backgrounds of science and nonscience majors. Natural science majors were of a higher social class, had higher intelligence test scores, were more reserved, sober, practical, and male sex-role oriented than the social and nonscience majors. Blacks and females resembled their white or male…

Develops a model to predict the contribution adolescent males and females make to household work, based upon family characteristics, human capital of the adolescent, geographic location, and societal expectations. Adolescent females worked longer than males, regardless of birth order. Time use for household work was largely unaffected by family…

Physical ability and performance were most highly correlated with leadership ratings during summer training camp for West Point cadets; academic ability and performance were most highly correlated with these ratings during the academic year. Correlations were generally higher for females than for males. (Author/GC)

Uses data from a national survey to examine Black family migration. Presents data, by race, on reasons for long-distance migration and whether wives line up jobs before a move. Stated reasons for moves and migration determinants are similar by race, leading to a residual minority group status explanation. (Author/JAC)

Explores the effectiveness of a resource exchange framework in predicting marital satisfaction among 224 couples. Self-administered questionnaires provided information concerning resources received from spouse, shared time, and marital quality. Multiple regression analyses suggested the resource exchange theory was effective in explaining the…

Investigated the relationship between patient age and preference for physician communication style in 303 adults. Results showed that, while most patients prefer a high degree of both information and affect, older patients prefer a low-information/high affect strategy. Results may indicate the presence of receiver apprehension in elderly patients.…

Tests the interactive effects of status of the offender and severity of a deviant act on the assessment of penalties for socially prescribed behavior in volunteers (N=24) assigning punishment. Results revealed a tendency for high-status offenders to receive more lenient treatment than their low-status counterparts. (Author/LLL)

Assessed influence of maternal age at first birth on mothers' emotionally affective behaviors to their children using three samples of families (N=33, 38, 36). Two models of age effects were considered: (1) life experiences and (2) stress from early first birth. Age at first birth was positively associated with supportive maternal behaviors and…

Examined subjective and objective characteristics of employment in relation to depression in 135 two-job families. Results showed employment characteristics of each spouse had little effect on the other. Subjective factors were more predictive of life satisfaction, and social comparisons resulting in unfavorable assessment of outcomes were related…

Socioeconomic factors which differentiate social-class groups vastly overshadow any within-family treatment factors that might affect intellectual growth. (Authors)

Interviewed 279 mediation-minded individuals and 111 who rejected mediation. Results showed mediation was more attractive to individuals who scored high on traditional socioeconomic indicators. A key factor was the encouragement by private attorneys. Women chose to mediate because mediation was less impersonal than the court. (JAC)

Examined the socioeconomic determinants of the timing of remarriage for young women (N=238). While socioeconomic and demographic variables are only moderately useful predictors of remarriage, not taking into account background factors can lead to significant misstatements of the importance of various factors for interpreting the likelihood of…

Tested a prediction model of trainees' general expectations for the supervisory process. Practicum students (N=82) completed a self-efficacy inventory and indicated their outcome expectancies for supervision. In general, trainees expected supervisors to be significantly more trustworthy than expert, more expert than attractive, and more evaluative…

Surveyed 116 mothers to ascertain their knowledge and preferences regarding parent education programs. Results showed only a third of the mothers knew what a parent education program was, but most indicated interest in attending. Mothers most interested (Blacks and noncollege-educated) preferred programs offered in schools and churches. (WAS)

Concludes that there are reliable relationships between altruism and perceptual, social, and moral perspective taking. Results concerning the relationship between empathy and altruism are nonsignificant overall, but it is suggested that a reliable association between empathy and altruism develops over time and is found in adults. (Author/RH)