This study investigated toddlers' reactions to morally related events to determine whether age was a factor in emotional reaction, whether the middle of the second year was a salient time for the emergence of emotional reactions to such events, and whether heart rate change could be used as a new measure of moral responsivity. While their heart…

Although age and work commitment have been correlated positively in previous studies, the studies have not clearly defined whether it is age per se or the correlates of age (job tenure, length of service) which account for the commitment. To investigate the relationship between age and various indicators of commitment to work (job involvement,…

The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was used to predict the major field choices of students at four large universities. Results strongly suggested that (a) mathematical ability is an important determinant of major field choice, and (b) the male-female difference in major field choice is largely mediated by the sex difference in mathematical…

Nursing, as a profession dealing with the health care system, places considerable emphasis on empathy, i.e., responsiveness to the feelings of another. To investigate whether individual differences in empathy are reflected in freshmen nursing students' scores on the Paired Hands Test (PHT), which measures the construct of the "others'…

The hypothesis that verbal humor may serve as a technique of social influence was tested for the first time under experimental conditions. Humor-moderating attempts at social influence and an examination of potential intervening variables tested the prediction that verbal humor would produce compliance. In a dyadic bargaining paradigm, at a…

Kirby and Das (EJ 182 444) dichotomized measures of individual differences and treated them as independent variables in an analysis of variance. Correlational analysis would have provided more powerful tests of their hypotheses. Interpretation of the dichotomized variables as independent, causal antecedents of their measures of intelligence would…

Tests indicated that kindergarten children with impulsive conceptual tempos performed significantly lower on several measures of achievement and reasoning ability than did children with reflective tempos. (Editor)

Expressed vocational choices were more predictive of employment status four years after high school graduation for males than were scores on either the Vocational Preference Inventory or the Kuder Preference Record--Vocational. Predictions for males were more accurate than for females on all measures. (Author)

Examined parent-child relationships and self-reported delinquent behavior in over 700 adolescents. Indicated that males were more delinquent than females; adolescent gender was not related to strength of parental attachment; both males and females were closer to mother than to father; and closeness to father was the better predictor of delinquent…

Conducted a longitudinal analysis of the relationship of divorce to the national suicide rate in Canada. Found the suicide rate varied directly with the rate of family dissolution, even after taking into account the effects of unemployment and females' participation in the labor force. (Author/ABB)

Investigated the causes of happiness and unhappiness among spouses. Results indicated while marital happiness is the most important determinant of overall happiness, job satisfaction is the most important determinant of unhappiness. (Author/BL)

Investigated factors influencing truancy from a juvenile court treatment facility. Youth placed in the facility were compared for number of truancies, background, and personality variables. Males with prior adjudication for truancy had a 65% probability of eloping from the court facility. Females showed a 62% probability of truancy. Personality…

Discriminant analyses of survey data from managers who have reached career plateaus and managers who are still highly mobile (N=199) suggested significant differences between the two groups. Plateaued managers were absent from work more frequently; they reported poorer relationships with supervisors, lower education levels, and impaired health.…

Examined the influence of sex, age, religion, and occupation on attitudes of 335 adults concerning family planning education. Results of a questionnaire indicated general support. The higher the respondent's occupational status, the more favorable the attitude. Respondents also indicated religion should form the base for family planning education.…

Tested eight hypotheses concerning relationships between socioeconomic status, sex, work importance, and career maturity with high school students (N=382). Results indicated that work salience (but not socioeconomic status--and sex only slightly) is directly related to career maturity. (LLL)