Observed 18- to 30-month-olds' use of force against peers. Found no sex differences in average aggression levels or in mothers' aggression ratings. Rate of hitting peers and mothers' ratings were stable over 6 months for girls only. Toddlers especially sensitive to peers' possible intentions hit peers more and were more likely than to use force…

A study involving 113 children (ages 24-37 months) with hearing impairments found expressive vocabulary was related to the child's age, the age of identification of the child's hearing loss (before or after 6 months), the child's cognitive quotient, and the presence or absence of one or more additional disabilities. (Contains extensive…

This study evaluated use of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence Second Edition (TONI-2) with 258 individuals (ages 4 to 41) with autism. Results indicated that age, verbal ability, and lack of attention deficits were most predictive of TONI-2 scores, whereas attention deficits and a moderate number of autistic symptoms predicted untestability on…

Investigates familial alcoholism effects and the comparative probability of risk that adult children of alcoholics have for alcohol dependence. Results, based on a national survey of 12,686 young adults over a five-year period, show that the risk for alcoholism is relatively greater for males than females. (MKA)

An attitude survey of 184 men and 152 women with similar math backgrounds and ability found that women appeared to prefer rote over autonomous learning and familiar over novel situations. They felt less confident in their ability to do word problems. Attitudes rather than Scholastic Aptitude Test scores were more useful in predicting grades. (SK)

Seeks to clarify choices of traditional and nontraditional majors by female and male college students. Regression analyses of questionnaires reveal that humanitarian concerns, femininity scores, masculinity scores, and utility values were significant predictors of college major. Education, English, and nursing majors had greater confidence,…

A study examined the extent to which different measures of speech reading performance correlated with cognitive abilities in 18 adults with hearing impairments. Younger participants were better speech readers and speech tracking correlated with written lexical decision speed. Speech reading for sentence comprehension correlated most strongly with…

Examined task factors, cognitive processes, and individual differences as determinants of performance in 188 adults locating a position on a topographical map. Both spatial visualization ability and a visual learning style were found to be effective predictors of performance. A form of verbal strategy training produced significantly improved…

Discussion of telecommuting motivations and constraints focuses on a study that analyzed differences in variables due to gender, occupation, and presence of children for 583 employees of the city of San Diego. Research hypotheses are discussed, and implications for forming policies to support telecommuting are suggested. (Author/LRW)

Examined whether social cognitions forecast change in aggressive habits over the school year for 189 third through seventh graders. Found that aggression-encouraging cognitions assessed in the fall promoted aggression over the school years, but that such developments hinged on the child's sex and on initial levels of aggression and victimization.…

This article discusses psychobiological factors that affect recovery after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents, including biological pathophysiology of the injury, the cognitive stage of the child at injury, the amount of time after injury, the challenge level of tasks, and the child's reserve of psychosocial resources. (Contains…

A study of the 10% most able students in Sweden (n=744) found entrance into higher education was influenced by the choice of program in upper secondary school, the marks received, the students' attitudes to school, and satisfaction with their performance. Parental and teacher support had an influence on males. (CR)

Examines the effects of linguistic acculturation (language spoken with friends and parents) and gender on alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents. Results reveal that a greater proportion of bilingual adolescents engaged in drinking than more acculturated adolescents. Within gender, these relationships were found only for boys. Suggests that…

Examined role of phonological awareness and visual-orthographic skills in Chinese reading acquisition among first, second, third, and fifth graders who had learned the Hanyu Pinyin script. Found that visual skills predicted reading success at lower grades; pinyin knowledge and ability to discriminate homophonic characters predicted reading success…

This study was designed to examine the role ego-identity plays in the mating preferences of late adolescents. In addition to examining the variance in mating preferences explained by ego-identity status, it was hoped that the results could assist in testing the competing Sexual Strategies (Buss & Schmitt, 1993) and Social Role (Eagly & Wood, 1999)…