Digital technology systems are adopted rapidly throughout the globe for the virtual learning process especially with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital screen-based gadgets are integrated to provide a seamless interactive medium of learning even before the initiation of formal education. Studies on the technology use of younger…

Thirty-two preschoolers were observed while they played with realistic play props and nonrealistic play materials in an effort to determine whether realism of play objects was related to overall symbolic object transformation. Boys of all ages and girls under age five demonstrated greater symbolic activity with realistic play props. (SH)

Presents a study which investigated the sources of control over behavior: internal or environmental. Results are discussed in terms of the Theory of Propositional Control. (DP)

This experiment investigates the relation of a free play experience to subsequent performance on problem solving tasks among children aged 4 to 10. Ninety children were divided into 3 age groups and were assigned in pairs of free play and non-play treatment conditions. Children were paired by block design test scores to control for perceptual…

Age-related differences in imitation and recall were studied in children ranging from preschool to college age. Results indicated that children were more sensitive to vicarious consequences than adults. (ST)

Five studies are reported which examine the free vs. earned reward phenomenon in humans. The 420 subjects were distributed over all grade levels from preschool through college. Candies and coins were used as rewards. In preschool through sixth grade groups, black, as well as white subjects and experimenters were used. The California Psychological…

A field investigation of 32 groups of communally reared children utilizing 10 categories of group behavior reported group behavior forms and child socialization in groups of toddlers and preschoolers 18 months to 42 months of age. The groups were equally divided (16 each) among "total" and "day care" types and were age-homogeneous. Group forms…

To investigate the development of preschoolers' social-cognitive play behaviors, ten preschoolers (two, three and four years old) were observed in their classrooms on 15 occasions by a time-sampling schedule. Social-cognitive behavior coding (Parten and Smilansky) indicates that children's play became more social as they grew older. (Author/PN)

Developmental differences in behavior and self-perception were examined in 44 children suspected of having been sexually abused and 41 comparison children. Results suggest that subjects' self-perception varied by their developmental level, and that some preschool children responded to abuse with elevated perceptions of themselves. No group…

THE OUTLINE WAS ONE OF A NUMBER OF SYLLABI FOR TRAINING PROJECTS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE TRAINING CENTER IN YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, THE COURSE PROVIDED FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION, WHICH WOULD SHARPEN TRAINEES' POWERS OF OBSERVATION AND STIMULATE DESIRE FOR FURTHER STUDY AND EXPLORATION. THE CENTRAL AIM WAS TO HELP THE PARTICIPANTS AUGMENT THEIR…

Parents (n=52) of blind and partially sighted infants and preschoolers were surveyed concerning the frequency of occurrence and stability of the children's stereotyped behaviors. Stereotyped behaviors frequently observed in blind children proved to be stable, whereas other stereotyped behaviors were less stable. Age of child and frequency of…

Analyzed records of Slovene children's speech from a linguistic point of view and established differences in communication patterns with regard to the children's ages and the type of symbolic play. Found a shift in play from make-believe with regard to objects to roleplay related to social context. The older the child, the more language functions…

Investigates children's person-by-situation knowledge of probable causes of emotion in self and in others, and compares this to adults' construals. Shows that children can generate contextual explanations for affective states in self and others that are both shared by other children and adults and selectively related to different kinds of…

This study found that 16 preschoolers with Down's syndrome attained higher age equivalents and standard scores in "socialization" than did 16 preschoolers with autism. Adaptive age equivalent was positively related to chronological age for children with Down's syndrome in all domains, but only in "communication" for children with autism.…

A study, as yet unfinished, sought to replicate, expand, and provide preliminary answers to questions raised in previous research on the development of fantasy play by black children as functions of age, sex, income level, and other environmental factors. Fantasy play involves the attribution to persons, objects, materials, or situations of…