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Cheng, Patricia W.; Sandhofer, Catherine M.; Liljeholm, Mimi – Cognitive Science, 2022
The present paper examines a type of abstract domain-general knowledge required for the process of constructing useable domain-specific causal knowledge, the evident goal of causal learning. It tests the hypothesis that analytic knowledge of "causal-invariance decomposition functions" is essential for this process. Such knowledge…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Learning Processes, Generalization, Heuristics
Palmquist, Carolyn M.; Fierro, Marissa G. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2018
Although preschoolers have strong expectations about the pedagogical nature of pointing gestures (Csibra & Gergely, 2006), more recent work has shown that preschoolers prefer to use informants' spoken language, not their pointing gestures, to make judgments about their reliability (Palmquist & Jaswal, 2015). Here, we explored children's…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Generalization, Reliability, Knowledge Level
Jenkins, Gavin W.; Samuelson, Larissa K.; Smith, Jodi R.; Spencer, John P. – Cognitive Science, 2015
It is unclear how children learn labels for multiple overlapping categories such as "Labrador," "dog," and "animal." Xu and Tenenbaum (2007a) suggested that learners infer correct meanings with the help of Bayesian inference. They instantiated these claims in a Bayesian model, which they tested with preschoolers and…
Descriptors: Generalization, Young Children, Inferences, Models
Petersen, Lori A.; McNeil, Nicole M. – Child Development, 2013
Educators often use concrete objects to help children understand mathematics concepts. However, findings on the effectiveness of concrete objects are mixed. The present study examined how two factors--perceptual richness and established knowledge of the objects--combine to influence children's counting performance. In two experiments, preschoolers…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Manipulative Materials, Computation, Knowledge Level
Kaefer, Tanya; Neuman, Susan B.; Pinkham, Ashley M. – Reading Psychology, 2015
The goal of the current study is to explore the influence of knowledge on socioeconomic discrepancies in word learning and comprehension. After establishing socioeconomic differences in background knowledge (Study 1), the authors presented children with a storybook that incorporates this knowledge (Study 2). Results indicated that middle-income…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Reading Comprehension, Prior Learning
Soodak, Leslie C. – 1987
The study explored the organization of mentally retarded individuals' event knowledge and the relationship between social knowledge and performance in naturally occurring events. Twenty mentally retarded adults and 20 nonretarded preschoolers were asked to sequence photographs of events depicted in familiar and novel contexts. Preschoolers were…
Descriptors: Adults, Generalization, Interpersonal Competence, Knowledge Level

Booth, Amy E.; Waxman, Sandra R. – Cognition, 2002
Two experiments documented that conceptual knowledge influences 3-year-olds' extension of novel words. When objects were described as having conceptual properties typical of artifacts, children extended novel labels on the basis of shape. When same objects were described as having conceptual properties typical of animate kinds, children extended…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Cues, Generalization
Schutz, Samuel – 1969
This study assessed the value of teaching young children the relevant attributes of a concept and the conceptual rule by which the attributes are organized. It was hypothesized that only if children had prior knowledge of both components could they follow instructions designed to teach a new concept. It was further hypothesized that children who…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Concept Teaching, Definitions

Smith, Linda B.; Jones, Susan S.; Yoshida, Hanako; Colunga, Eliana – Cognition, 2003
Clarifies features of Smith et al.'s attentional learning account of object naming, arguing that Booth and Waxman's findings address tenets not in the attentional learning account while not addressing one of the central tenets of the attentional learning account. Suggests that the debate about the nature of children's language and cognition would…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Cues, Generalization

Booth, Amy E.; Waxman, Sandra R. – Cognition, 2003
Responds to Smith et al.'s work on relations between perceptual, conceptual, and linguistic knowledge in early word learning and discusses treatment of evidence. Asserts that Smith et al.'s commentary fails to engage data presented and their implications. Asserts that learners seamlessly integrate perceptual, linguistic, and conceptual information…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Cues, Generalization