Science is comprised of theory and practical work and to study either part is not enough to understand the whole. Practical work such as observation and fieldtrips should be used to develop students' inquiry skills as well as to support the theory. Teachers with high self-efficacy on fieldtrips will be more likely to use this technique.…

In 1930 a number of organizations interested in teacher preparation asked for a survey by the Federal Government in order to secure usable information applicable to the larger problems of teacher education. Congress subsequently appropriated funds for this investigation, and the survey extended from July 1, 1930 to June 30, 1933. The first section…