A study was conducted to determine: (1) the extent to which changes of self-report scores (between pretest and post-test) on a measure of defensiveness were related to changes of self-report scores (between pretest and post-test) on a measure of self-concept; and (2) if changes of self-report scores on a measure of defensiveness as covariates…

The Tennessee Self Concept Scale was used to study the effect of outdoor adventure activities on the self concept of university students. Related studies have found significant changes in self concept following survival training and Outward Bound experiences. The study population consisted of 99 students enrolled in 1 of 4 classes at Eastern…