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Direct linkBloom, Howard S.; Richburg-Hayes, Lashawn; Black, Alison Rebeck – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2007
This article examines how controlling statistically for baseline covariates, especially pretests, improves the precision of studies that randomize schools to measure the impacts of educational interventions on student achievement. Empirical findings from five urban school districts indicate that (1) pretests can reduce the number of randomized…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Pretests Posttests, Educational Change, Intervention
