The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the general linear model (GLM) in problems with repeated measures on a dependent variable. Such problems include pretest-posttest designs, multitrial designs, and groups by trials designs. For each of these designs, a GLM analysis is demonstrated wherein full models are formed and restrictions…

The pretest-posttest design referred to as Design 2 by Campbell and Stanley (1963) is commonly used in educational research and evaluation. The tenability of the assumption of a zero population difference commonly used with this design is questioned. A nonzero population estimate based on the mean difference observed in test-retest reliability…

Hypothesizing that positive change in students' attitudes concerning leadership behavior would result from participation in a basic level five-week course at the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS), 80 student participants (16 years or older) were pre- and post-tested for attitudinal change. Using the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (LOQ),…

The relationship between physically and psychologically stressful experiences and the anxiety and self concept of 33 male and 11 female participants (aged 16-38 years) in a 23-day Colorado Outward Bound (OB) course was analyzed. It was hypothesized that the effects of the OB experience would: be the same for male and female participants; alter…

Investigating the effect of a resident outdoor experience on the attitudes of 300 sixth grade students exposed to two different teaching methods, students from the Brownsville School District in Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to a week-long camp experience. Teachers in the control group (N=3) were given 20 hours of training in outdoor…

Comparisons were made of test scores derived from a sample of American Indian students attending grades 2 through 10, living in a Bureau of Indian Affairs dormitory, and enrolled either in an English as a Second Language Program (N=43) or in the regular school program (N=87) to determine ESL impact on Indian students' English vocabulary,…

To determine if the ethnocentric perceptions of students would be influenced by participation in a 3-week social studies unit on "The Contributions of Minority Ethnic Groups to American Civilization," a study was made utilizing 114 students in five 12th grade social studies classes (three experimental and two control). The investigation attempted…

Fifteen fifth grade students designated disruptive by their classroom teachers in the State College Area School District of Pennsylvania were divided into three groups and exposed to three weeks of differing lead-up activities followed by a week of residential outdoor education activities at Pennsylvania's Stone Valley Outdoor School. Employing…

An application of evaluation methodology to innovative educational programs through a case study of a Chicago suburban high school program for alternative education is presented. The evaluation methodology encompasses the difficulty in combining comparative programs, individual-diagnostic, and individual developmental measures, the selection of…