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Carpenter, Malinda2
Tomasello, Michael2
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A Competitive Nonverbal False Belief Task for Children and Apes
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Krachun, Carla; Carpenter, Malinda; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael – Developmental Science, 2009
A nonverbal false belief task was administered to children (mean age 5 years) and two great ape species: chimpanzees ("Pan troglodytes") and bonobos ("Pan paniscus"). Because apes typically perform poorly in cooperative contexts, our task was competitive. Two versions were run: in both, a human competitor witnessed an experimenter hide a reward in…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Rewards, Primatology, Animals
Rational Tool Use and Tool Choice in Human Infants and Great Apes
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Buttelmann, David; Carpenter, Malinda; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael – Child Development, 2008
G. Gergely, H. Bekkering, and I. Kiraly (2002) showed that 14-month-old infants imitate rationally, copying an adult's unusual action more often when it was freely chosen than when it was forced by some constraint. This suggests that infants understand others' intentions as rational choices of action plans. It is important to test whether apes…
Descriptors: Infants, Animals, Primatology, Intention