According to Frederick Herzberg's studies of employee motivation, humans are driven by motivating factors that allow them to grow psychologically and hygiene factors that help them meet physical needs. Good education conferences can enhance both factors by helping principals refocus their energies, exchange ideas with trusted colleagues, and view…

In rural Alaska, school administrators are isolated and opportunities for growth are few. The Alaska Rural School Leadership Network provides administrators opportunities for professional growth and development through meetings, audioconferences, and workshops. (MD)

To improve black South Africans' educational conditions, the Teacher Opportunity Programmes (TOPS), in conjunction with some University of South Carolina education professors, is providing inservice training to teachers and principals. A USC evaluation team found that learning levels do not have to be deep for change to occur and that race/gender…

The Bellevue Administrative Professional Development Program was successful in its attempt to have principals learn and apply the skills of clinical supervision. Future opportunities for maintaining the principals' abilities to apply such skills should emphasize the planning and conducting of postobservation conferences with the teacher. (JN)