The purpose of this action research study was to examine and improve school principals' time management to increase opportunities for instructional leadership. The only constant of a principal's day is the consistent need to prioritize various expected and unexpected demands and expectations that exist on a daily basis. This study investigated the…

Purpose: We describe urban school principals' time use, including their time allocation across work tasks and locations, and how time use varies by school context. Research Method: Trained observers recorded leaders' time use in five-minute increments over full school days in four urban school districts. The full sample included approximately 650…

Principal self-efficacy is crucial to educational leadership, especially in instructional and operational areas, as found in this study. The study examines how principals maintain self-efficacy despite their many responsibilities, drawing on Bandura and Schunk's (1981) research on human behavior and belief and perception. Bandura and Adams (1977)…

The ever-changing role of public-school principals is complex and overwhelming. Because instructional leadership impacts teaching practices and student achievement, this important principal role should be cultivated with principals having sufficient time to engage as instructional leaders. A generic qualitative inquiry methodology was used to…

Principals can improve their teachers' classroom practice, either directly or indirectly by arranging resources, to support improvement. However, there is limited information about how principals spend their time. This Snapshot provides a look at how a large group of principals spent their workweek, including on instructional support and other…

It is acknowledged that principal leadership, particularly principals as instructional leaders, is critical to student achievement and the success of a school, yet the roles principals are expected to take on in schools are varied. Principal time use is divided among an array of tasks and responsibilities that often do not leave adequate time or…

Limited research examines the process of leading innovative school change from the perspective of principals. In this case study, three school principals implement a novel school model, franchise model schools. Using interviews, the researchers examined the successes and challenges principals experienced while implementing and leading this change.…

Principals often have administrative duties that take them away from instructional leadership and other big-picture ideas and changes. And yet, "running a smooth ship" and effectively managing those day-to-day operational tasks might actually make school leaders better. Hochbein looks at 100 years of research about how principals spend…

Purpose: As responsibilities of high school principals continue to expand, their workweeks become longer, and their attention is stretched in multiple directions. How principals from various school types use their time is influenced by their organizational structures and external policies. To gain deeper insights into the workload, priorities and…

The purpose of this study was to determine if COVID-19 has shifted what teachers perceive they want from a principal. In addition, the researchers sought to find what post-COVID-19 teachers want from a principal for them to succeed. Success is defined as feeling supported emotionally, having the proper resources, and maintaining a desire to stay…

The purpose of this study was to determine if COVID-19 has shifted what teachers perceive they want from a principal. In addition, the researchers sought to find what post-COVID-19 teachers want from a principal for them to succeed. Success is defined as feeling supported emotionally, having the proper resources, and maintaining a desire to stay…

Purpose: Despite increased focus on the importance of the time principals spend on instructional leadership, there is little research on practical ways to help principals manage their time to achieve this goal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of the school administration manager (SAM) process: a unique program designed…

Department heads are increasingly responsible for instructional leadership. Therefore, it is important to understand the antecedents of self-efficacy in their work, which can motivate them to increase their leadership efforts. Our theoretical model depends on principals' feedback for department heads, department heads' trust in their principals,…

Principals' time use has emerged as a serious policy problem in an era of reported decline in school outcomes -- both organisational and individual student -- and with difficulties in attracting quality candidates for vacancies. The contemporary crisis of the principalship is centred on an ever increasing workload (volume and complexity) and a…

Time management for educational leaders has remained highly relevant to scholars, policymakers and practitioners. We analyzed survey responses from 98 public high school principals to examine the congruency between average total hours they worked per week against the sum total of the average hours worked per week in each of five distinct…