Investigates the variables that determine distribution of education and redistribution of income through public education. Presents empirical evidence from Japan, which chose a high-quality, low-quantity public system. Calculates enrollment and tax shares by lifetime income distribution and compares previous findings for several state systems.…

The higher proportion of private school enrollments in developing countries appears to stem from limited public spending, creating excess demand for public schools. Random variation across countries appears because of cultural, especially religious, heterogeneity. (SK)

Examines the possibility of "privitizing" education (a government policy, such as a voucher or tax credit system, which combines public financing with private production of the service). Describes the Dutch system of publicly funded private education. Suggests that private organizations and local governments find themselves competing to…

The system in the Netherlands of "privatization," a government policy of financially supporting private schools and encouraging people to use them, depends on conditions in Dutch society that are conducive to a large nongovernment, nonprofit sector. These include cultural heterogeneity, coupled with the lack of a single dominant culture…

Although education and other quasi-public services are financed by the government in both Holland and Sweden, the public/private division of finance and provision of these services that exists in Holland has no counterpart in Sweden, where provision of services is delegated to local governments and the private nonprofit sector is negligible.…