This study examines the role of shadow education as a contributor to educational inequality in South Korea. Using data from the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study (KELS), this paper analyzes the effects of private tutoring at 10th and 12th grade level on College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT) scores. We reduce biases in prior research by using…

This study examines the influence of peers who receive private tutoring on an individual student's engagement in private tutoring. Using data from the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study of 7th and 10th graders in Korea, we leverage quasi-experimental variation generated from the random allocation of students to classes in schools. To address the…

This study aimed at uncovering complexities surrounding in-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' identity development. Literature still lacks knowledge about such process in the face of workplace conflicts and as to whether such conflicts vacillate EFL teachers' imagined and practiced identities, especially in the context of Iran.…

Private tutoring is part of the everyday life of hundreds of thousands of students all around the world, and its prevalence is growing. However, despite a proliferation of research on private tutoring, little is known about the role that school plays in shaping the phenomenon. This study investigates school-related factors that may affect private…

Background: A considerable proportion of secondary school students gets additional support from private tutoring lessons. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of private tutoring are inconclusive. The instructional quality of the tutoring lessons might influence their effectiveness. Aims: We analysed (1) whether students privately tutored in…

Kings College replaced a previous school on the same site and was the first privately managed state school in the UK, operating through a ten-year partnership between a not-for-profit company, 3Es Enterprises and Surrey County Council. This article examines the experience of this privatisation through the perspectives of students who had attended…