The increasing prevalence of private tutoring has received minimal scholarly attention in the United States. We use over 25 years of geocoded data on the universe of U.S. private tutoring centers to estimate the size and growth of this industry and to identify predictors of tutoring center locations. We document four important facts. First, from…

This article examines how shadow education is changing with digital platforms. Using the case of Egyptian education, it argues that digital learning platforms and social media platforms are profoundly penetrating Egypt's private tutoring landscape in a process of platformization. Rather than adding an online type of tutoring to an already-existing…

Purpose: In Korea, private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice. Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring, ranging from improving the quality of education to providing "quasi-private tutoring" programs and regulating the…

The process of privatising services historically provided by the state has blurred the boundaries between what is considered to be 'private' and 'public'. However, few efforts have been made in the educational arena to develop tools to measure this process. Most of the previous research has relied on narrow definitions about what is private and…

Around the world, the provision of private supplementary tutoring, widely known as "shadow education", is attracting increased attention. In many countries, teachers are major providers of such tutoring outside their official school hours. Other providers include personnel in tutorial centres, and university students who operate…

Too few studies of elite private schools consider how they derive power and prestige from their relationships and interactions with other social and political groups and institutions, including the State. This paper contributes to elite school studies by examining the relationality between the Australian State and private sector schools around how…

This article investigates the implications of childhood dance training and its effects on dance artists' trajectories into the professional field in the United States. It asks what would happen if young movers did not start their dance training with technique, but rather the foundations of the creative process, improvisation, and dance making. By…

Purpose: This study reviews the latest revisions to "Implementation Regulations of the Private Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China." In doing so, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the policy and its history, as well as the future outlook of private education in China. Design/Approach/Methods: Data were…

Recent decades have brought significant expansion of the so-called shadow education sector of private supplementary tutoring across the globe. Increasing numbers of school teachers provide such tutoring on a part-time basis; and increasing numbers of tutorial centres recruit teachers from schools to work full time. Tutorial centres also recruit…

This paper presents a discussion on a new focus area in mathematics teacher education, namely the mathematics teacher in shadow education (SE mathematics teacher). It addresses three issues pertaining to SE mathematics teachers: special knowledge and expertise they need to possess, teacher qualification and selection and SE mathematics teacher…

Increased demand for private coaching for students is a global scenario irrespective of the student's achievement level, level of education, parental socio-economic status, and residential locality. But in research literature, there is no such comprehensive framework for scientific conceptualization about the causes and consequences of this high…

Private supplementary tutoring (PST) is a phenomenon growing throughout the world. Looking at regions such as East Asia where it is already vast and comparing with regions where it remains modest but is rising, some authors have argued that countries must act quickly to discourage negative societal implications which arise when PST grows. One…

This article examines the long-term effects of the regulation of private education adopted in the course of the education reform in 1996 and the sustainability of the guiding principles that served as the starting point for this regulation. It reviews the guiding principles of the introduction of private education, the goals of the reform laid…

The move to digital, and now hybrid, education has defamiliarised teaching practices and unsettled experiences of what it means to be and to engage at university. In this article, I examine what new questions evolving teaching and learning practices provoke with regards rethinking notions of the body, and concepts of presence and absence.…

This article explores programmatic and institutional differentiation among private universities in Ontario since the enactment of the Postsecondary Education Choice and Excellence Act of 2000. Findings suggest that there has been a small increase in both programmatic diversity through specialized graduate-level programs offered by out-of-province…