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Philip Dawid; Macartan Humphreys; Monica Musio – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Suppose "X" and "Y" are binary exposure and outcome variables, and we have full knowledge of the distribution of "Y," given application of "X." We are interested in assessing whether an outcome in some case is due to the exposure. This "probability of causation" is of interest in comparative…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Intervals, Probability, Qualitative Research
John Mart V. DelosReyes; Miguel A. Padilla – Journal of Experimental Education, 2024
Estimating confidence intervals (CIs) for the correlation has been a challenge because the correlation sampling distribution changes depending on the correlation magnitude. The Fisher z-transformation was one of the first attempts at estimating correlation CIs but has historically shown to not have acceptable coverage probability if data were…
Descriptors: Research Problems, Correlation, Intervals, Computation
Gonzalez, Oscar – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2023
When scores are used to make decisions about respondents, it is of interest to estimate classification accuracy (CA), the probability of making a correct decision, and classification consistency (CC), the probability of making the same decision across two parallel administrations of the measure. Model-based estimates of CA and CC computed from the…
Descriptors: Classification, Accuracy, Intervals, Probability
Martínez-Pérez, Sandra Areli; Sanchez Sanchez, Ernesto A. – Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 2022
This work reports the results of an investigation that aimed to know the informal reasoning of high school students with and about the frequency approach of probability and the law of large numbers when they were faced with a problem about random intervals. The research question was as follows: What features of students' reasoning about the…
Descriptors: High School Students, Thinking Skills, Incidence, Problem Solving
Chen, Lin-An; Kao, Chu-Lan Michael – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
The uniformly most accurate (UMA) is an important optimal approach in interval estimation, but the current literature often introduces it in a confusing way, rendering the learning, teaching and researching of UMA problematic. Two major aspects cause this confusion. First, UMA is often interpreted to maximize the accuracy of coverage, but in fact,…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Mathematics Instruction, Learning Processes, Probability
Kulinskaya, Elena; Hoaglin, David C. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
For estimation of heterogeneity variance T[superscript 2] in meta-analysis of log-odds-ratio, we derive new mean- and median-unbiased point estimators and new interval estimators based on a generalized Q statistic, Q[subscript F], in which the weights depend on only the studies' effective sample sizes. We compare them with familiar estimators…
Descriptors: Q Methodology, Statistical Analysis, Meta Analysis, Intervals