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van der Linden, Wim J. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
It is shown how the time limit on a test can be set to control the probability of a test taker running out of time before completing it. The probability is derived from the item parameters in the lognormal model for response times. Examples of curves representing the probability of running out of time on a test with given parameters as a function…
Descriptors: Testing, Timed Tests, Models, Probability
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Tendeiro, Jorge N.; Meijer, Rob R. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2013
To classify an item score pattern as not fitting a nonparametric item response theory (NIRT) model, the probability of exceedance (PE) of an observed response vector x can be determined as the sum of the probabilities of all response vectors that are, at most, as likely as x, conditional on the test's total score. Vector x is to be considered…
Descriptors: Probability, Nonparametric Statistics, Goodness of Fit, Test Length
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Johnson, Timothy R. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2013
One of the distinctions between classical test theory and item response theory is that the former focuses on sum scores and their relationship to true scores, whereas the latter concerns item responses and their relationship to latent scores. Although item response theory is often viewed as the richer of the two theories, sum scores are still…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Scores, Computation, Bayesian Statistics
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Moses, Tim; von Davier, Alina – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
Polynomial loglinear models for one-, two-, and higher-way contingency tables have important applications to measurement and assessment. They are essentially regarded as a smoothing technique, which is commonly referred to as loglinear smoothing. A SAS IML (SAS Institute, 2002a) macro was created to implement loglinear smoothing according to…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Computer Software, Algebra, Mathematical Formulas
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Lee, Jihyun; Corter, James E. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
Diagnosis of misconceptions or "bugs" in procedural skills is difficult because of their unstable nature. This study addresses this problem by proposing and evaluating a probability-based approach to the diagnosis of bugs in children's multicolumn subtraction performance using Bayesian networks. This approach assumes a causal network relating…
Descriptors: Misconceptions, Probability, Children, Subtraction
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Kreiner, Svend – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2011
To rule out the need for a two-parameter item response theory (IRT) model during item analysis by Rasch models, it is important to check the Rasch model's assumption that all items have the same item discrimination. Biserial and polyserial correlation coefficients measuring the association between items and restscores are often used in an informal…
Descriptors: Item Analysis, Correlation, Item Response Theory, Models
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Finkelman, Matthew David – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2010
In sequential mastery testing (SMT), assessment via computer is used to classify examinees into one of two mutually exclusive categories. Unlike paper-and-pencil tests, SMT has the capability to use variable-length stopping rules. One approach to shortening variable-length tests is stochastic curtailment, which halts examination if the probability…
Descriptors: Mastery Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Adaptive Testing, Test Length
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Roberts, James S. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
Orlando and Thissen (2000) developed an item fit statistic for binary item response theory (IRT) models known as S-X[superscript 2]. This article generalizes their statistic to polytomous unfolding models. Four alternative formulations of S-X[superscript 2] are developed for the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM). The GGUM is a…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Goodness of Fit, Test Items, Models
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van Abswoude, Alexandra A. H.; Vermunt, Jeroen K.; Hemker, Bas T. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2007
Mokken scale analysis can be used for scaling under nonparametric item response theory models. The results may, however, not reflect the underlying dimensionality of data. Various features of Mokken scale analysis--the H coefficient, Mokken scale conditions, and algorithms--may explain this result. In this article, three new H-based objective…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Probability, Simulation, Item Response Theory
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Henson, Robert; Roussos, Louis; Douglas, Jeff; He, Xuming – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2008
Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) model the probability of correctly answering an item as a function of an examinee's attribute mastery pattern. Because estimation of the mastery pattern involves more than a continuous measure of ability, reliability concepts introduced by classical test theory and item response theory do not apply. The cognitive…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Classification, Probability, Item Response Theory
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Ramon Barrada, Juan; Veldkamp, Bernard P.; Olea, Julio – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2009
Computerized adaptive testing is subject to security problems, as the item bank content remains operative over long periods and administration time is flexible for examinees. Spreading the content of a part of the item bank could lead to an overestimation of the examinees' trait level. The most common way of reducing this risk is to impose a…
Descriptors: Item Banks, Adaptive Testing, Item Analysis, Psychometrics
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Dimitrov, Dimiter M. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2007
The validation of cognitive attributes required for correct answers on binary test items or tasks has been addressed in previous research through the integration of cognitive psychology and psychometric models using parametric or nonparametric item response theory, latent class modeling, and Bayesian modeling. All previous models, each with their…
Descriptors: Individual Testing, Test Items, Psychometrics, Probability
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Christensen, Karl Bang; Kreiner, Svend – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2007
Many statistical tests are designed to test the different assumptions of the Rasch model, but only few are directed at detecting multidimensionality. The Martin-Lof test is an attractive approach, the disadvantage being that its null distribution deviates strongly from the asymptotic chi-square distribution for most realistic sample sizes. A Monte…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Monte Carlo Methods, Testing, Models
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Fleiss, Joseph L.; Cuzick, Jack – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
A reliability study is illustrated in which subjects are judged on a dichotomous trait by different sets of judges, possibly unequal in number. A kappa-like measure of reliability is proposed, its correspondence to an intraclass correlation coefficient is pointed out, and a test for its statistical significance is presented. (Author/CTM)
Descriptors: Classification, Correlation, Individual Characteristics, Informal Assessment
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Kreiner, Svend; Hansen, Mogens; Hansen, Carsten Rosenberg – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2006
Mixed Rasch models add latent classes to conventional Rasch models, assuming that the Rasch model applies within each class and that relative difficulties of items are different in two or more latent classes. This article considers a family of stochastically ordered mixed Rasch models, with ordinal latent classes characterized by increasing total…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Cognitive Tests, Problem Solving, Statistical Analysis
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