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Philip Dawid; Macartan Humphreys; Monica Musio – Sociological Methods & Research, 2024
Suppose "X" and "Y" are binary exposure and outcome variables, and we have full knowledge of the distribution of "Y," given application of "X." We are interested in assessing whether an outcome in some case is due to the exposure. This "probability of causation" is of interest in comparative…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Intervals, Probability, Qualitative Research
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Cheung, Mike W. L. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2007
Mediators are variables that explain the association between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is widely used to test models with mediating effects. This article illustrates how to construct confidence intervals (CIs) of the mediating effects for a variety of models in SEM. Specifically, mediating…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Probability, Intervals, Sample Size
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Alvarado, Angelica; Jara, Elvia; Vila, Javier; Rosas, Juan M. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Five experiments were conducted to explore trial order and retention interval effects upon causal predictive judgments. Experiment 1 found that participants show a strong effect of trial order when a stimulus was sequentially paired with two different outcomes compared to a condition where both outcomes were presented intermixed. Experiment 2…
Descriptors: Time, Retention (Psychology), Intervals, Stimuli