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Showing all 11 results Save | Export
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Shen, Ting; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Large-scale education data are collected via complex sampling designs that incorporate clustering and unequal probability of selection. Multilevel models are often utilized to account for clustering effects. The probability weighted approach (PWA) has been frequently used to deal with the unequal probability of selection. In this study, we examine…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Educational Research, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics
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Dvir, Michal; Ben-Zvi, Dani – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2023
Employing a statistical modeling inspired pedagogy is becoming a widespread practice in the statistics education community. Many have incorporated the practice of formulating conjectures in their modeling-enhanced educational designs and have reported on its benefits. We further elucidate the mechanism through which students' conjecturing may be…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Statistics Education, Instructional Design
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Cai, Tianji; Xia, Yiwei; Zhou, Yisu – Sociological Methods & Research, 2021
Analysts of discrete data often face the challenge of managing the tendency of inflation on certain values. When treated improperly, such phenomenon may lead to biased estimates and incorrect inferences. This study extends the existing literature on single-value inflated models and develops a general framework to handle variables with more than…
Descriptors: Statistical Distributions, Probability, Statistical Analysis, Statistical Bias
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Duxbury, Scott W. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model--even those uncorrelated with other predictors--or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot…
Descriptors: Graphs, Scaling, Research Problems, Models
Cain, Meghan K.; Zhang, Zhiyong; Yuan, Ke-Hai – Grantee Submission, 2017
Nonnormality of univariate data has been extensively examined previously (Blanca et al., 2013; Micceri, 1989). However, less is known of the potential nonnormality of multivariate data although multivariate analysis is commonly used in psychological and educational research. Using univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis as measures of…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Statistical Distributions, Psychological Studies
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Zhou, Xiang; Xie, Yu – Sociological Methods & Research, 2016
Since the seminal introduction of the propensity score (PS) by Rosenbaum and Rubin, PS-based methods have been widely used for drawing causal inferences in the behavioral and social sciences. However, the PS approach depends on the ignorability assumption: there are no unobserved confounders once observed covariates are taken into account. For…
Descriptors: Probability, Statistical Inference, Comparative Analysis, Longitudinal Studies
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Steiner, Peter M.; Cook, Thomas D.; Li, Wei; Clark, M. H. – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2015
In observational studies, selection bias will be completely removed only if the selection mechanism is ignorable, namely, all confounders of treatment selection and potential outcomes are reliably measured. Ideally, well-grounded substantive theories about the selection process and outcome-generating model are used to generate the sample of…
Descriptors: Quasiexperimental Design, Bias, Selection, Observation
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Beal, Sarah J.; Kupzyk, Kevin A. – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2014
The use of propensity scores as a method to promote causality in studies that cannot use random assignment has increased dramatically since its original publication in 1983. While the utility of these approaches is important, the concepts underlying their use are complex. The purpose of this article is to provide a basic tutorial for conducting…
Descriptors: Probability, Statistical Analysis, Regression (Statistics), Statistical Bias
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Köhler, Carmen; Pohl, Steffi; Carstensen, Claus H. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
When competence tests are administered, subjects frequently omit items. These missing responses pose a threat to correctly estimating the proficiency level. Newer model-based approaches aim to take nonignorable missing data processes into account by incorporating a latent missing propensity into the measurement model. Two assumptions are typically…
Descriptors: Competence, Tests, Evaluation Methods, Adults
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Bai, Haiyan – Journal of Experimental Education, 2013
Propensity score estimation plays a fundamental role in propensity score matching for reducing group selection bias in observational data. To increase the accuracy of propensity score estimation, the author developed a bootstrap propensity score. The commonly used propensity score matching methods: nearest neighbor matching, caliper matching, and…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Sampling, Probability, Computation
Lin, Johnny Cheng-Han – ProQuest LLC, 2013
Many methods exist for imputing missing data but fewer methods have been proposed to test the missing data mechanism. Little (1988) introduced a multivariate chi-square test for the missing completely at random data mechanism (MCAR) that compares observed means for each pattern with expectation-maximization (EM) estimated means. As an alternative,…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Statistical Inference, Error of Measurement, Probability