Publication Date
In 2025 | 0 |
Since 2024 | 2 |
Since 2021 (last 5 years) | 5 |
Since 2016 (last 10 years) | 8 |
Since 2006 (last 20 years) | 87 |
Descriptor
Probability | 123 |
Reinforcement | 123 |
Animals | 44 |
Responses | 32 |
Intervals | 30 |
Experiments | 25 |
Behavioral Science Research | 22 |
Models | 19 |
Stimuli | 18 |
Food | 17 |
Behavior | 16 |
More ▼ |
Source
Author
Davison, Michael | 7 |
Nevin, John A. | 4 |
Shahan, Timothy A. | 4 |
Borrero, John C. | 3 |
Elliffe, Douglas | 3 |
Grace, Randolph C. | 3 |
Machado, Armando | 3 |
Odum, Amy L. | 3 |
Sakagami, Takayuki | 3 |
Thompson, Rachel H. | 3 |
Zentall, Thomas R. | 3 |
More ▼ |
Publication Type
Journal Articles | 108 |
Reports - Research | 72 |
Reports - Evaluative | 20 |
Reports - Descriptive | 10 |
Opinion Papers | 5 |
Information Analyses | 1 |
Speeches/Meeting Papers | 1 |
Education Level
Audience
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Don, Hilary J.; Worthy, Darrell A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Recent work in reinforcement learning has demonstrated a choice preference for an option that has a lower probability of reward (A) when paired with an alternative option that has a higher probability of reward (C), if A has been experienced more frequently than C (the frequency effect). This finding is critical as it is inconsistent with…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Preferences, Rewards, Incidence
Sevgi Bayram Özdemir; Sara Cucurachi; Takuya Yanagida; Metin Özdemir – European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2024
The current study examined whether bystander behaviours in class were associated with being perpetrators of ethnic victimization and whether they moderated the association between disengagement from morality and perpetrating ethnic-based victimization. The sample included 1065 adolescents residing in Sweden (M[subscript age] = 13.12, SD=.42; 55%…
Descriptors: Moral Values, Adolescents, Student Behavior, Victims
Rosales, Ma Krishna; Wilder, David A.; Montalvo, Melissa; Fagan, Benjamin – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2021
The high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence typically consists of the delivery of a series of high-p instructions immediately followed by the delivery of a low-probability (low-p) instruction and is a commonly used procedure to increase compliance among children with intellectual disabilities. In the current study, we used withdrawal…
Descriptors: Instructional Effectiveness, Sequential Approach, Compliance (Psychology), Probability
Kubra Sayar; Emrah Gulboy; Serife Yucesoy-Ozkan; Muhammet Sait Baran – Behavioral Disorders, 2024
Non-compliance is a challenge for practitioners serving children with and without disabilities. Many interventions have been developed to increase compliance. High-probability request sequences (HPRS), an antecedent-based intervention that is based on behavioral momentum theory, is one way to increase compliant behavior. HPRS includes the…
Descriptors: Compliance (Psychology), Students with Disabilities, Probability, Sequential Approach
Li, Xiao; Xu, Hanchen; Zhang, Jinming; Chang, Hua-hua – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2023
The adaptive learning problem concerns how to create an individualized learning plan (also referred to as a learning policy) that chooses the most appropriate learning materials based on a learner's latent traits. In this article, we study an important yet less-addressed adaptive learning problem--one that assumes continuous latent traits.…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Models, Algorithms, Individualized Instruction
Britton, Tobias C.; Wilkinson, Ellen H.; Hall, Scott S. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2020
Limited information is available concerning the specificity of the forms and functions of aggressive behavior exhibited by boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). To investigate these relationships, we conducted indirect functional assessments of aggressive behavior exhibited by 41 adolescent boys with FXS and 59 age and symptom-matched controls with…
Descriptors: Aggression, Males, Genetic Disorders, Adolescents
Rodriguez Buritica, Julia M.; Eppinger, Ben; Schuck, Nicolas W.; Heekeren, Hauke R.; Li, Shu-Chen – Developmental Science, 2016
Observational learning is an important mechanism for cognitive and social development. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying observational learning in children are not well understood. In this study, we used a probabilistic reward-based observational learning paradigm to compare behavioral and electrophysiological markers of…
Descriptors: Correlation, Children, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
Schulze, Christin; van Ravenzwaaij, Don; Newell, Ben R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Learning to choose adaptively when faced with uncertain and variable outcomes is a central challenge for decision makers. This study examines repeated choice in dynamic probability learning tasks in which outcome probabilities changed either as a function of the choices participants made or independently of those choices. This presence/absence of…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Rewards, Persistence, Probability
Scott, Terrance M.; Hirn, Regina G. – Intervention in School and Clinic, 2014
When dealing with children who exhibit challenging behaviors there are no known interventions that work for all students or at all times. Thus, intervention for these students is often implemented in a trial and error manner. This article provides a logic for considering probability as a factor in selecting strategies. Understanding that some…
Descriptors: Intervention, Probability, Behavior Modification, Student Behavior
Barba, Lourenco de Souza – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Some researchers claim that variability is an operant dimension of behavior. The present paper reviews the concept of operant behavior and emphasizes that differentiation is the behavioral process that demonstrates an operant relation. Differentiation is conceived as change in the overlap between two probability distributions: the distribution of…
Descriptors: Probability, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Animals
Janssen, Christian P.; Gray, Wayne D. – Cognitive Science, 2012
Reinforcement learning approaches to cognitive modeling represent task acquisition as learning to choose the sequence of steps that accomplishes the task while maximizing a reward. However, an apparently unrecognized problem for modelers is choosing when, what, and how much to reward; that is, when (the moment: end of trial, subtask, or some other…
Descriptors: Rewards, Reinforcement, Models, Memory
Machado, Armando; Tonneau, Francois – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Barba's (2012) article deftly weaves three main themes in one argument about operant variability. From general theoretical considerations on operant behavior (Catania, 1973), Barba derives methodological guidelines about response differentiation and applies them to the study of operant variability. In the process, he uncovers unnoticed features of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Probability, Stereotypes
Yurovsky, Daniel; Boyer, Ty W.; Smith, Linda B.; Yu, Chen – Developmental Science, 2013
Learning about the structure of the world requires learning probabilistic relationships: rules in which cues do not predict outcomes with certainty. However, in some cases, the ability to track probabilistic relationships is a handicap, leading adults to perform non-normatively in prediction tasks. For example, in the "dilution effect,"…
Descriptors: Cues, Prediction, Infants, Cognitive Ability
Neuringer, Allen – Behavior Analyst, 2012
The target paper by Barba (2012) raises issues that were the focus of the author's first two publications on operant variability. The author will describe the main findings in those papers and then discuss Barba's specific arguments. Barba has argued against the operant nature of variability. (Contains 2 figures.)
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Feedback (Response)
de Castro, Ana Catarina; Machado, Armando – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
In a temporal double bisection task, animals learn two discriminations. In the presence of Red and Green keys, responses to Red are reinforced after 1-s samples and responses to Green are reinforced after 4-s samples; in the presence of Blue and Yellow keys, responses to Blue are reinforced after 4-s samples and responses to Yellow are reinforced…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Context Effect, Probability