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Beth A. Perkins – ProQuest LLC, 2021
In educational contexts, students often self-select into specific interventions (e.g., courses, majors, extracurricular programming). When students self-select into an intervention, systematic group differences may impact the validity of inferences made regarding the effect of the intervention. Propensity score methods are commonly used to reduce…
Descriptors: Probability, Causal Models, Evaluation Methods, Control Groups
Deutsch, Jonah – ProQuest LLC, 2013
This dissertation is composed of three distinct chapters, each of which addresses issues of estimating treatment effects. The first chapter empirically tests the Value-Added (VA) model using school lotteries. The second chapter, co-authored with Michael Wood, considers properties of inverse probability weighting (IPW) in simple treatment effect…
Descriptors: Computation, Causal Models, Probability, Scores
Lo, Yun-Jia – ProQuest LLC, 2012
In educational research, a randomized controlled trial is the best design to eliminate potential selection bias in a sample to support valid causal inferences, but it is not always possible in educational research because of financial, ethical, and logistical constrains. One alternative solution is use of the propensity score (PS) methods.…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Probability, Scores, Research Methodology
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Goodman, Noah D.; Ullman, Tomer D.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B. – Psychological Review, 2011
The very early appearance of abstract knowledge is often taken as evidence for innateness. We explore the relative learning speeds of abstract and specific knowledge within a Bayesian framework and the role for innate structure. We focus on knowledge about causality, seen as a domain-general intuitive theory, and ask whether this knowledge can be…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Logical Thinking, Cognitive Development, Bayesian Statistics
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Coffman, Donna L. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2011
Mediation is usually assessed by a regression-based or structural equation modeling (SEM) approach that we refer to as the classical approach. This approach relies on the assumption that there are no confounders that influence both the mediator, "M", and the outcome, "Y". This assumption holds if individuals are randomly…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Simulation, Regression (Statistics), Probability