The typical approach to studying the cognitive competencies of the elderly involves giving the same task to samples of elderly adults and college students. On such comparisons of performance of cognitive tasks, the elderly have almost always been found to be inferior, which is interpreted as indicating an irreversible age-determined decline in…

This manual is designed to help classroom teachers, instructional designers and test developers, construct sound, challenging and sophisticated paper and pencil exercises that simulate the data-gathering and decision process involved in diagnosing and resolving a problem. It is based on the authors' extensive experience in conducting training…

In 1986 the United States (U.S.)-Japan Seminar on Mathematical Problem Solving convened to compare the state of problem solving in the classroom and in research in the two countries. The data and results given in this paper are the results of research conducted in the United States in response to the 1986 seminar. The U.S. and Japanese research…