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Xiaoming Zhai; Matthew Nyaaba; Wenchao Ma – Science & Education, 2025
This study aimed to examine an assumption regarding whether generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can overcome the cognitive intensity that humans suffer when solving problems. We examine the performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on NAEP science assessments and compare their performance to students by cognitive demands of the items. Fifty-four…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, National Competency Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Problem Solving
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Fuchs, Lynn S.; Malone, Amelia; Schumacher, Robin F.; Namkung, Jessica; Hamlett, Carol L.; Jordan, Nancy C.; Siegler, Robert S.; Gersten, Russell; Changas, Paul – Grantee Submission, 2015
The main purposes of this study were to test the effects of teaching at-risk 4th graders to provide explanations for their mathematics work and examine whether those effects occur by compensating for limitations in cognitive processes. We randomly assigned 212 children to 3 conditions: a control group and 2 variants of a multi-component fraction…
Descriptors: At Risk Students, Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Mathematics Instruction
Yuan, Kun; Le, Vi-Nhuan – RAND Corporation, 2014
In 2010, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Education Program has established the Deeper Learning Initiative, which focuses on students' development of deeper learning skills (i.e., the mastery of core academic content, critical-thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, communication, and "learn-how-to-learn" skills). Two test…
Descriptors: Test Items, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Skill Development
Miller, George A. – 1986
In assessing the quality of science teaching for an effort such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), it is important to understand what is meant by scientific thinking--the search for explanations. Instruction should involve higher-order cognitive skill development, but it is difficult to measure reasoning and understanding…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Educational Assessment, Educational Testing
Yepes-Baraya, Mario – 1996
The cognitive processes students use in doing the 1996 science assessment of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) were studied using two booklets from the 1993 NAEP science field test. Blocks of items from these booklets, a hands-on task block and either a conceptual/problem solving block or a theme block, were administered to 16…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Construct Validity, Difficulty Level, Grade 8