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Cramer, Kathleen; Post, Thomas – Arithmetic Teacher, 1993
Defines the mathematical concept of proportionality. Uses graphs of linear relationships to explore and make generalizations about the characteristics of proportional situations to help students critically evaluate problems involving proportions. (MDH)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Formal Operations, Graphs, Mathematical Applications

Battista, Michael T. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1990
Investigates gender differences and the role of spatial visualization in problem solving in high school geometry. Reports that, whereas males and females differed in spatial visualization and in their performance, they did not differ in logical reasoning ability or in their use of geometric problem-solving strategies. (Author)
Descriptors: Formal Operations, Geometry, Logical Thinking, Mathematics Achievement