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Cohen, Dale J.; Cromley, Amanda R.; Freda, Katelyn E.; White, Madeline – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Here, we present a strong test of the hypothesis that sacrificial moral dilemmas are solved using the same value-based decision mechanism that operates on decisions concerning economic goods. To test this hypothesis, we developed Psychological Value Theory. Psychological Value Theory is an expansion and generalization of Cohen and Ahn's (2016)…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Decision Making, Moral Values, Problem Solving
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Zebehazy, Kim T.; Weber, Rachel C.; Murphy, Meagan; Ghani, Aisha – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2020
Introduction: Divergent thinking is a crucial component of effective problem-solving. This study investigated the divergent thinking of students with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision) in three countries and explored the correlates of their performance on two tasks. Methods: A sample of 52 students with visual impairments completed…
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Students with Disabilities, Visual Impairments, Vignettes
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Swit, Cara S.; McMaugh, Anne; Warburton, Wayne A. – International Journal of Early Childhood, 2016
This research examined differences in beliefs about the acceptability of aggression and behavioral responses to aggression of preschool-aged children. Two groups, identified from teacher ratings, participated in the research. One group of children exhibited relationally aggressive behaviors, and a comparison group was identified with…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Preschool Children, Aggression, Child Behavior
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Waters, Sara F.; Thompson, Ross A. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2014
Children may be capable of understanding the value of emotion regulation strategies before they can enlist these strategies in emotion-evoking situations. This study was designed to extend understanding of children's judgment of the efficacy of alternative emotion regulation strategies. Children aged six and nine ("N" = 97) were…
Descriptors: Childhood Attitudes, Emotional Response, Psychological Patterns, Self Control
Hozien, Wafa Ismail – ProQuest LLC, 2012
The purpose of this study is to explore and describe individual Pennsylvania rural elementary principals' experiences of ethical decision-making in a complex era. Ethical dilemma, in this case, is the term used to depict an incident which calls for a decision to be made when moral values or ethical principles were in conflict. Also, to learn how…
Descriptors: Ethics, Rural Schools, Elementary Schools, Decision Making
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Averdijk, Margit; Malti, Tina; Ribeaud, Denis; Eisner, Manuel – International Journal of Developmental Science, 2011
The current study investigated developmental trajectories of teacher-reported aggressive behavior and whether these trajectories are associated with social-cognitive development (i.e., aggressive problem-solving) across the first three elementary grades in a large sample from Switzerland (N = 1,146). Semiparametric group-based analyses were…
Descriptors: Aggression, Social Development, Cognitive Development, Foreign Countries
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Hoppmann, Christiane A.; Blanchard-Fields, Fredda – Developmental Psychology, 2010
In the present study, we examined the link between goal and problem-solving strategy preferences in 130 young and older adults using hypothetical family problem vignettes. At baseline, young adults preferred autonomy goals, whereas older adults preferred generative goals. Imagining an expanded future time perspective led older adults to show…
Descriptors: Family Problems, Young Adults, Older Adults, Problem Solving
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Azar, Sandra T.; Stevenson, Michael T.; Johnson, David R. – Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2012
Parents with intellectual disabilities (PID) are overrepresented in the child protective services (CPS) system. This study examined a more nuanced view of the role of cognition in parenting risk. Its goal was to validate a social information processing (SIP) model of child neglect that draws on social cognition research and advances in…
Descriptors: Child Neglect, Mothers, Mental Retardation, Child Rearing
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Pracana, Clara, Ed.; Wang, Michael, Ed. – Online Submission, 2016
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and…
Descriptors: Conferences (Gatherings), Educational Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology