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Carruthers, Sarah; Stege, Ulrike – Journal of Problem Solving, 2013
This article is concerned with how computer science, and more exactly computational complexity theory, can inform cognitive science. In particular, we suggest factors to be taken into account when investigating how people deal with computational hardness. This discussion will address the two upper levels of Marr's Level Theory: the computational…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Computation, Difficulty Level, Computer Science
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Revlin, Russell; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978
The conversion model of formal reasoning was examined for its ability to predict the decisions made by college students when solving concrete and abstract syllogisms. Results supported the model's contentions that reasoner's decisions reflect natural language processes in the encoding of syllogistic premises, and follow rationally from…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Higher Education
Higgins, E. Tory – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1976
Reports on research examining the effect of linguistic presupposition on the solving of three-term series problems. (Author/RM)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Deduction, Language Processing
Hayes-Roth, Frederick – 1980
This paper discusses the theoretical problem of matching and abstraction of concepts as the processes occur in human minds, and the structures used to represent these processes for use in automated, knowledge based systems. A basic premise of the paper is that hierarchies play a crucial role in structuring knowledge and in solving problems. Data…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Databases
Pennington, Nancy – 1986
This report summarizes research on experienced programmers' comprehension of computer programs that was carried out over a three-year contract period (1982-85). Following an extensive review of the programming skill literature, an analysis of programs based on the multiple abstractions (points-of-view) that characterize program text and design was…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Comprehension
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Fan, Ning; And Others – Cognition and Instruction, 1994
Investigated the effect of problem wording on solving arithmetic word problems by first graders. Found that wording is a crucial component in solving difference problems. Results suggest that further research on word problem-solving processes focus on the interaction between linguistic comprehension and mathematical reasoning. (AA)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary School Students, Instructional Effectiveness
Leirer, Von O.; And Others – 1980
Research on abstract categorical reasoning has shown that students with "A" grade point averages (GPA) have limited, better and often less, reasoning ability than students with lower GPA's. A similar effect was also found when testing "bright" and "dull" subjects. An analysis of this effect was conducted using the component model of categorical…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Academic Ability, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes
Adams, Marilyn Jager – 1986
This paper discusses ways that students can better be taught to think. It argues that poor/low-achieving students served by Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981 could genuinely profit from instruction on thinking and that, for maximum impact, such instruction should be introduced as a course in itself, separate from…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Compensatory Education
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Woods, Donald R. – Journal of College Science Teaching, 1989
Reviews a monograph which addresses children's higher-order thinking skills. Suggests the following for teaching problem solving: identify and develop content-independent and content-dependent problem-solving skills, connect developed skills through workshop-style activities to subject discipline, and help students identify and reconstruct their…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures
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Cummins, Denise Dellarosa; And Others – Cognitive Psychology, 1988
Two experiments assessed whether children's difficulty with word problems can be attributed to difficulty in comprehending abstract or ambiguous language. The subjects were 38 first-, 36 second-, and 36 third-graders. The resulting theory of arithmetic word problem solving may represent a theoretical problem-solving model. (TJH)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Ambiguity, Arithmetic, Computer Simulation
Stanford, Barbara Dodds; Stanford, Gene – 1985
One of three related documents produced in response to a need for direct instruction in thinking skills at the secondary level, this program for high school students bases its approach on involvement of students in direct experiences. Designed to build on the thinking skills that the student already possesses and, ideally, on the experience gained…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Conflict Resolution
D'Anglejan, Alison; And Others – 1979
Three experimental studies were carried out to examine the ability of groups of learners of English as a second language to solve problems of deductive reasoning (three term linear syllogisms) in their native and second languages. In the first study involving Canadian francophones studying English, subjects solved problems more effectively in…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adult Learning, Adults, Bilingual Education
National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL. – 1985
One of three related documents produced in response to a need for direct instruction in thinking skills at the secondary level, this teaching guide for Book One and Book Two of "Thinking Through Language" is intended for junior or senior high school English teachers. The guide contains an introduction and summaries of Book One and Book Two,…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Association (Psychology), Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes
Kirby, Dan; Kuykendall, Carol – 1985
One of three related documents produced in response to a need for direct instruction in thinking skills, this program for middle school or junior high school students bases its approach on involvement of students in direct experiences. The book contains four units. Focusing on perception, Unit 1: "Experiencing the Arts" begins with ways sensory…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Conflict Resolution